forest under threat

Question 1

3 characteristics of the tropical rainforest

Answer 1

1. 20 north or south of the equator
2. Hot all year round (27-30C)
3. rainfall of 2000-3000mm.

Question 2

3 characteristics of the taiga

Answer 2

1. 50-70 North
2. long cold winters (-40C) summers are short and mild (16C)
3. precipitation is low, less than 500mm

Question 3

3 plant adaptaion in the tropical rainforest

Answer 3

1. There are 4 stratified layers in the rainforest as so much vegetation can grow
2. Emergent trees have large buttress roots to keep them stable and allow them to grow so tall
3. Plants in the canopy have drip tips to allow the water to fall off and prevent the plants being damaged.

Question 4

3 animal adaptaion in the tropical rainforest

Answer 4

1. Sloths have huge claws to allow them to hang upside down
2. their fur grows away from them to help the rain water drip off
3. Primates have adapted to live in the trees as that is where most of the food is.

Question 5

3 plant adaptation in the taiga

Answer 5

1. Trees have needles for leaves as these have a very small surface area to avoid water loss
2. Trees have a cone-shape with branches pointing down to help snow fall off.
3. the structures are simple to avoid freezing

Question 6

2 animal adaptation in the taiga

Answer 6

1. Birds migrate during the cold winter months
2. Many animals hibernate and have thick fur coats for insulation.

in Canada there are 300 species in the summer but only 30 stay for the winter.

Question 7

describe productivity in the tropical rainforest

Answer 7

There is a huge amount of biomass productivity and biodiversity is high
There are complex food webs because most animals are selective about what they eat.

Question 8

describe productivity in the taiga

Answer 8

Biodiversity is low because plants and animals can only survive if specially adapted
The growing season is 4-5 months
There is only one layer of vegetation so productivity is low

Question 9

what are the direct threats to the tropical rainforest due to deforestation

Answer 9

1. mining
2. commercial loging
3. fuel wood
4. agriculture

Question 10

tropical rainforest

4 threat of agriculture

Answer 10

1. commercial by selling crops and cattle
2. leading cause of deforestation (75% of brazil)
3. subsistence by farming for family by slash and burn
4. plot cleared by nutrience in soil quickly leached (1/3 of DR congo)

Question 11

tropical rainforest

3 threats of mining

Answer 11

1. 15% caused by mining & road building
2. road building encourage farming and loggers to move in
3. use open cast mining as its more economic

Question 12

tropical rainforest

4 threats of logging

Answer 12

1. high demand for hardwoods
2. people who live close are poor and it pays well
3. police and goverment allow in return of money
4. almost all countries have strict control of logging

Question 13

tropical rainforest

3 threats of fuel wood

Answer 13

1. use as a source of fuel
2. population increas has sped up the rate
3. majour source of charcoal for african cities

Question 14

tropical rainforest

2 ways climate change is an indirect threat

Answer 14

1. climat hotter and drier (global warming) so longer droughts and forest fires threatening species adapted to the wet
2. ecosystem stress so plant and animals have lower resistence to new pest and diseaeses

Question 15

what are the direct threats to the taiga

Answer 15

1. logging

Question 16

what are the indirect threats to the taiga

Answer 16

1. exploitation of fossil fuel and minerals
2. HEP

Question 17

taiga

3 threats of mining fossil fuel

Answer 17

1. causes alot of deforestration
2. the oil produces a toxic waste that runs into tailing ponds
3. due to cold climate the pollution stays longer

Question 18

taiga

4 threats of logging for softwood and paper

Answer 18

1. 40% of all deforestration caused by logging (2000-2013)
2. by clear cutting
   trees in are cut down & loggs transported to saw mills to turn into timber
3. mills are in taiga near waterways and railways
4. far east siberia sell to china as they boarder seach other

Question 19

tiaga

3 threats of HEP

Answer 19

1. reservoire flood
2. infrastructure disrupt migration
3. mercury relaesed dur to decaying tree affecting the food web

Question 20

how CITES globaly manage the tropical rainforest

Answer 20

stop trade of protected species and therefore protect the rainforest, however this is difficult to police

Question 21

how REDD globaly manage the tropical rainforest

Answer 21

scheme for developed countries to give money to countries who have rainforests to keep them intact
Some governmentsare still allowing the removal of natural forests when replaced by palm plantations

Question 22

how Wilderness areas and national parks manag the taiga forest

Answer 22

set up to provide protection for areas
can increase tourism to areas which may cause more damage
Sustainable forestry is a strategy used to maintain corridors of vegetation to allow the movement of species.

Question 23

Sustainable management

Answer 23

1. ecotourism can be used to manage damage to the rainforest
2. This is where only small groups of tourists enter an area and are educated about how best to protect the area
3. Farming can also be done sustainably by having mixed crops and only cutting down individual trees.

Question 24

2 conflicting views about managing the

Answer 24

1. Some countries rely on logging for their economy as well as energy production
2. indigenous people often wish to maintain their way of life rather than allowing the area to become a national park.