Forest Management and Roads Flashcards
What is the general cost of road building?
50,000 - 150,000 per kilometre
What is a Road Standard?
A design spec that sets limits to: -Subgrade and surface width -Maximum and minimum curvature -Vertical curvature -Favourable and adverse grades -Density of turnouts, lanes, surface materials MOFL uses class I - V I: highway V: goat path
Why would you want a high turnout density?
If the road is busy, turnouts can help the flow of traffic and increase safety.
Give some features of temporary roads
- abandoned or deactivated after logging
- only limitations are usually physical limits of the trucks
- All weather roads are surfaced and summer roads are not
What does “surfacing” imply
When a layer of crushed rock is added to native material to increase the usability of the road (all weather).
Give some features of permanent roads.
- Planned for many years of use
- Further classified as Main or Secondary based on volume harvested, public use, safety and travel speed…
What are typical spur road standards?
- Subgrade width = 6m
- Surface width = 5m
- Curve radius = 20m
- Max favourable =18%
- Max Adverse = 10%
What is a favourable grade? What are the limits?
Downhill for a loaded truck.
18% max
What is an adverse grade? Whats the limit?
Uphill for a loaded truck.
10% max
What is the clearing width?
Width between standing timber
What is a right of way? How wide are they?
-Typically 20m, specified by the permit. The full area that you have been granted for building a road.
How can you figure out which standard to use?
Sum the cost of 4 major factors and choose the lowest cost.
- Trucking cost - decreases with higher standards
- Road construction cost - increases with higher standard
- Road maintenance cost - generally increases with higher standards
- Interest Cost
What is the goal of a logging engineer when designing roads?
minimize combined cost of…
- yarding
- skidding
- road construction
- maintenance
- trucking
A good road location considers these 5 things…
- Within skidding / yarding range limits from block boundary
- Location must be appropriate for equipment being used (deflection/landings)
- Meet standards for grades, alignment, width and bearing strength.
- Meet environmental standards
- Consider future roads
What is a control point? differentiate positive and negative CPs
- A place on the hillside that influences road placement
- A rock bluff is a negative control point because we want to avoid it.
- A bench is a positive control point because it provides flat ground for logging equipment.
