Forest Health From Exam 1

Question 1

Jack pine Budworm

Answer 1

NATIVE
Hosts jack pine and occasionally red pine.
Outbreaks last 3-5 years and occur every 10-15
Larvae go to end of shoots and eat current year foliage
They pupate on the tree and cause top kill and whole tree may die
Management - Prioritize harvest
BTk biological insecticide

Question 2

Nematode/Pine wilt

Answer 2

Tube within a tube

Question 3

Larch Casebearer

Answer 3

NON-NATIVE
Defoliates Tamarack
Carries around a home made of tamarack needles that are mined

Question 4

White Grubs

Answer 4

June beetles
Eat the roots of seedlings

Question 5

Abiotic Cues

Answer 5

Photoperiod - length of light and dark phase of each day
Temperature
Moisture

Question 6

Biotic Cues

Answer 6

Crowding
Nutrition - Availability of prey or nutritional quality of plant matter

Question 7

Freeze tolerance

Answer 7

Ability to survive even when tissues freeze

Question 8

Freeze Avoidance

Answer 8

Preventing the freezing of tissues often through “supercooling”

Question 9

Supercooling

Answer 9

Water remains unfrozen below melting point

Question 10

Diapause

Answer 10

Hibernation for hot and dry times until conditions improve

Question 11

Life Stage

Answer 11

Species are adapted to overwinter in a stage of life cycle that is most resistant to low temperatures

Question 12

Phototaxis

Answer 12

Movement based on light

Question 13

Thigmotaxis

Answer 13

Movement based on touch or contact

Question 14

Hygrotaxis

Answer 14

Humidity gradient

Question 15

Thermotaxis

Answer 15

Temperature

Question 16

Biological Control

Answer 16

is the action of predators, parasites and pathogens in maintaining another organisms density