forest fires

Question 1

Heterotroph

Answer 1

organism that obtains energy from the foods it consumes rather than making its own food

Question 2

Autotroph

Answer 2

An organism that makes its own food

Question 3

Photosynthesis

Answer 3

process by which plants and some other organisms use light energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high-energy carbohydrates (like glucose)

Question 4

cellular respiration

Answer 4

Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules

Question 5

Aerobic

Answer 5

Process that requires oxygen

Question 6

Anaerobic

Answer 6

Process that does not require oxygen

Question 7

Fermentation

Answer 7

makes a limited amount of ATP from glucose without an electron transport chain and that produces a characteristic end product, such as ethanol or lactic acid.

Question 8

aerobic cellular respiration equation

Answer 8

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

Question 9

Photosynthesis equation

Answer 9

6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy——> C6H12O6 + 6O2 + ATP

Question 10

Chloroplast

Answer 10

Site of photosynthesis in cells

Question 11

Chlorophyll

Answer 11

Green pigment in plants (and some other organisms) that absorbs light energy used to carry out photosynthesis

Question 12

photosystem

Answer 12

A cluster of pigments embedded into a thylakoid membrane; part of the electron transport chain that absorbs photons

Question 13

Thylakoid

Answer 13

A flattened membrane sac inside the chloroplast; this is the site of the light-dependent reactions.

Question 14

lumen

Answer 14

space within the thylakoids of a chloroplast

Question 15

Stroma

Answer 15

fluid portion of the chloroplast outside of the thylakoids; kind of like the “cytoplasm” of the chloroplast

Question 16

Mitochondria

Answer 16

organelle that is the site of the Kreb’s cycle and ETC parts of aerobic respiration (found in both animal AND plant cells!); produces most of the cell’s ATP

Question 17

mitochondrial matrix

Answer 17

the space inside the inner membrane of a mitochondrion

Question 18

Cytoplasm

Answer 18

A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended; this is where glycolysis takes place

Question 19

Glycolysis

Answer 19

the breakdown of glucose into pyruvate, generating some ATP and NADH in the process

Question 20

Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

Answer 20

series of electron carrier proteins that shuttle high-energy electrons during ATP-generating reactions (like photosynthesis and aerobic cellular respiration)

Question 21

ATP synthase

Answer 21

Large protein that uses energy from the flow of H+ ions to bind ADP and a phosphate group together to produce ATP

Question 22

ATP

Answer 22

(adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their work

Question 23

Glucose

Answer 23

C6H12O6; A simple sugar that is an important source of chemical energy for cellular respiration.

Question 24

Fiber

Answer 24

A tough complex carbohydrate made of glucose and used by plants for structure

Question 25

Carbohydrates

Answer 25

sugars both simple and complex, like glucose, starch, and fiber; used mostly for energy and sometimes structure

Question 26

Protein

Answer 26

An organic compound that is made of one or more chains of amino acids that serves many critical functions in all cells

Question 27

Enzymes

Answer 27

Proteins that speed up chemical reactions

Question 28

Lipids

Answer 28

Energy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

Question 29

Hydrolysis

Answer 29

A chemical process that splits a molecule by adding water.

Question 30

dehydration synthesis

Answer 30

A chemical reaction in which two molecules are bonded together with the removal of a water molecule.

Question 31

Lithosphere

Answer 31

the solid, outer layer of the earth that consists of the crust and the rigid upper part of the mantle

Question 32

Hydrosphere

Answer 32

All the water on earth

Question 33

Biosphere

Answer 33

Consists of all life on Earth and all parts of the Earth in which life exists

Question 34

atmosphere

Answer 34

the envelope of gases surrounding the Earth (or any planet)

Question 35

Decomposers

Answer 35

organisms (like soil bacteria, fungi, or various insects) that break down waste and dead organic material.

Question 36

carbon cycle

Answer 36

the movement of carbon from the nonliving environment into living things and back

Question 37

G3P (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate)

Answer 37

The carbohydrate produced directly from the Calvin cycle; this molecule can ultimately be made into glucose, but most of it must be used to regenerate RuBP so that the Calvin cycle may continue

Question 38

Light Independent Reactions (Calvin Cycle)

Answer 38

set of reactions in photosynthesis that do not require light; energy from ATP and NADPH is used to make G3P, which can be built into sugars

Question 39

light-dependent reactions

Answer 39

reactions of photosynthesis that use energy from light to produce ATP and NADPH

Question 40

Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)

Answer 40

second stage of cellular respiration, in which pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting reactions; takes place in the mitochondrial matrix

Question 41

electron carrier molecules

Answer 41

a compound that can accept high-energy electrons and transfer them, along with most of their energy, to another molecule (ex: NADH, FADH2, NADPH)

Question 42

RuBP

Answer 42

a five-carbon carbohydrate that combines with CO2 in the first step of the Calvin Cycle; must be regenerated in order for the cycle to start again

Question 43

Carbon Reservoir

Answer 43

A natural feature (such as a rock, an organisms, or the atmosphere) that stores carbon-containing molecules