Forensics - Dealing With Offending Behaviour Flashcards
Custodial sentencing
Involves serving time in prison or young offenders
Recidivism
Reoffending
Allows us to see if prisons are effective
Behaviour modification (BM)
Built on ideas that crim behaviour is learned and can be unlearned
Anger management (AM)
Offenders commit crime because they can’t control anger
Restorative Justice (RJ)
Reducing & atoning for behaviour through reconciliation
Aims for CS
Deterrence
Incapacitation
Retribution
Rehabilitation
Deterrence
General - broad message to soc
Individual - vicarious punishment to prevent recidivism
Incapacitation
Protect public
Retribution
Enacting revenge proportionate to crime
eye for an eye
Rehabilitation
Reform to reintegrate into society
Treatment
Recidivism Rates
UK - 45%
US - 60%+
Norway - 20%
Effects of CS
Stress & depression
Institutionalisation
Prisonisation
Stress & depression
Suicide rates 9x higher than general population
Stress increase psych disorders upon release
Young men in first 24 hrs at greatest risk
Institutionalisation
Adapt to prison norms = unable to function upon release
Pakes & Pakes - 40% lose contact with family
Prisonisation
Adopt ‘inmate code’
Certain behaviours encouraged in prison but not outside e.g. gangs
AM stages
Cognitive preparation
Skills Acquisition
Application Practice
Cog prep
Reflect on past experiences & identify triggers of anger
Skills acquisition
Cog - calm down
Behavioural - assertiveness training (eventually automatic)
Physiological - physical response to anger e.g. meditation
Application practice
New techniques practiced in controlled setting. Positively reinforced if dealt with
RJ
Positive outcome for all parties
Meet before sentencing - non-courtroom setting.
Victims seen as survivor to aid recovery. Offender helped to rehabilitate
Victims encouraged to say the impact of the crime on them. EMPOWER AND HEAL
Mediator encourages offender to empathise
Victims ask for restitution
