forensics chapter 7

Question 1

Toxicology

Answer 1

the study of poisons

Question 2

What is forensic toxicology?

Answer 2

the science of detecting and identifying drugs and poisons a person may have used for medicinal, recreational, or criminal purposes.

Question 3

What are the three primary responsibilities of a forensic toxicologist?

Answer 3

1) post mortem drug testing
2.) workplace drug testing
3.) identification of contraband materials

Question 4

List and Desribe the four methods of exposure to toxins (ways to introduce them into the body).

Answer 4

1.) ingesting through the gastrointestinal system
2.) inhaling them into the lungs
3.) injecting them into the bloodstream
4.) absorbing them through the skin

Question 5

What are the three ways people can be exposed to toxins?

Answer 5

1.) intentionally
2.) accidentally
3.) deliberatly

Question 6

What is toxicity?

Answer 6

the extent to which a substance is poisonous and is affected by many factors

Question 7

What four factors can affect toxicity?

Answer 7

1.) dosage
2.) duration
3.) how it was taken
4.) interactions

Question 8

What two poisons were frequently used in the 17th century?

Answer 8

1.) arsenic
2.) cyanide

Question 9

What common household pest control product contains arsenic?

Answer 9

rat poison

Question 10

Why was arsenic such a popular poison during the 19th century?

Answer 10

it was readily available and found often in rat poisoning

Question 11

What test was developed to detect arsenic and was the first use of toxicology in a jury trial?

Answer 11

the marsh test

Question 12

is a rare but potentially deadly poison that makes the body unable to use life-sustaining oxygen.

Answer 12

cyanide

Question 13

What odor can cyanide have to some people?

Answer 13

bitter almond

Question 14

What is the Father of Toxicology?

Answer 14

Mathiw Orfila

Question 15

Name some job responsibilities of present-day toxicologists.

Answer 15

they work with pathologists to analyze body fluids from autopsies. They may also be responsible for presenting evidence in court.

Question 16

Contrast the two types of poisoning.

Answer 16

1.) acute
2.) chronic

Question 17

What makes a drug illegal?

Answer 17

no accepted medical I.D.

Question 18

Define controlled substances

Answer 18

legal substances who sale, possession and use are restricted

Question 19

drug offenders make up how much of the federal prison system population?

Answer 19

half

Question 20

What three factors determine classification of controlled substances?

Answer 20

1.) potential for abuse
2.) potential to physical and psychological dependence
3.) medical value

Question 21

Describe the five schedules of controlled substances.

Answer 21

1.) drug with high potential for abuse and addiction, no medical value
2.) drug with high potential for abuse and addiction, some medical value
3.) drugs with less potential for abuse, acceptable for medical use.
4.) drugs with low potential for abuse, acceptable for medical use
5.) drugs with low potential for abuse, medical use, lowest potential dependency

Question 22

What group of psychedelic drugs affects the user’s perceptions, thinking, self-awareness and emotions?

Answer 22

hallucinogens

Question 23

What group of drugs acts to reduce pain by suppressing the central nervous system’s ability to relay pain messages to the brain?

Answer 23

narocotoics

Question 24

What group of drugs increases feelings of well being, energy, alertness while suppressing appetite but can be followed by depression?

Answer 24

stimulants

Question 25

What group of drugs promotes cell and tissue growth and division?

Answer 25

depressants

Question 26

List four examples of Hallucinogens

Answer 26

1.) MDMA
2.) mescaline
3) LSP
4) PCP

Question 27

List four example of Narcotics

Answer 27

1.) opium
2.) heroin
3.) oxycodone
4.) methadone

Question 28

List three examples of Stimulants

Answer 28

1.) cocaine
2.) amphetamines
3.) methamphetamines

Question 29

Which group of drugs tends to be highly addictive?

Answer 29

stimulants

Question 30

Which group of drugs tends to produce tolerance and withdrawal?

Answer 30

narcotics

Question 31

list three most common date rape drugs

Answer 31

1.) rohypnol
2.) GHB
3.) ketamine

Question 32

what organ is most commonly damaged by alcohol use?

Answer 32

liver

Question 33

what is the most poisonous biological substance known to humans?

Answer 33

botulism

Question 34

What deadly nervous system disease takes a few lives because of vaccinations against it?

Answer 34

clostridium botulinum

Question 35

What are pesticides?

Answer 35

any substance used to control pests

Question 36

list two examples of heavy metals.

Answer 36

arsenic
lead

Question 37

list two types of gases

Answer 37

hydrogen cyanide
carbon monoxide

Question 38

name two bioterrorism agents

Answer 38

ricen
anthrax

Question 39

what is the purpose of presumptive testing

Answer 39

narrow down possibilities so that more specific tests can be done

Question 40

list some examples of confirmation tests

Answer 40

color tests
microcrystaline testing

Question 41

what is the formal term for a post-mortem examination

Answer 41

autopsy