forensics Flashcards
Origin of Parvo virus
- Incubation period: 2-4 days
- 3 days: if disease + death
- 4 days: typical pathological lesions + regenerating enterocytes
- 5 days: disease within 2 days, death in spite of treatment
Significance of Parvo virus.
- In case of death
* Treatment costs (justified expenses)
Problems with Parvo vaccination.
Vaccination problems:
• dogs: placenta endotheliochorialis
• maternal immunity: 90%: colostral, 10%:diaplacental
• antibodies persist for 8-16 weeks in puppies of vaccinated bitches
• above 1:128 titre: puppies can not be vaccinated effectively
• half life: 9.7 days
Diagnosis of distemper.
- Clinical signs (respiratory tract, mucous membranes, neurological system, skin)
- Pathology, histopathology, antibodies, virus antigen
Significance of Canine Distemper
- Always if death
- Loss of olfactory acuity or hard pad disease: working dogs
- Neurological signs: euthanasia
Significance of cryptorchidism.
- Breeding animal: exclusion from breeding
* Non-breeding animal: neoplastic malformation
Significance of hip dysplasia.
- X-ray (for diagnosis): age!
- Breeding or working animal: all stages
- Non-breeding animal: if clinical manifestation
Diagnosis of Bovine Tuberculosis.
- Veterinary institute: bacteriology, histopathology
- Disease: clinical sings, postmortem lesions (pathology, meat inspection), isolation of M. bovis (months!), positive intradermal tuberculin tests
- Suspected of being diseased: positive intradermal tuberculin test
Significance of Bovine Tuberculosis (And Brucellosis)
- State veterinary measures: compulsory eradication prohibition of treatment or vaccination
- Diseased or infected: slaughter
- Suspected of being infected: official surveillance, movement restrictions
- Free status: legal characteristic
- Herd of origin: significant for the whole herd (suspension of free status)
Origin of Bovine Brucellosis.
- Thomsen-rule: the later in pregnancy the animal is infected, the sooner it aborts
- Minimum 3 weeks
- Positive serology: late pregnancy: 8 days
- < 7th month of pregnancy: 3 weeks
- Epizootic inquiry
- Minimum 30 day-quarantine: examination on the first week and before release from isolation
Diagnosis of Brucellosis.
- Veterinary institute: bacteriology + 2x serology
- Sample: aborted foetus, placenta , blood
- Seropositivity: Brucella abortus (B. melitensis, B. suis)
- Disease: clinical signs (abortion, premature calving, retention of placenta), isolation of brucellas
Origin of Swine Erysipelas
- Minimum incubation period: 24 hours
- If >7 days it cannot be originated back before delivery
- 1-7 days: examination of predisposing factors (overcrowding, transport, etc.)
- Endocarditis: minimum 3 weeks
Significance Swine Erysipelas
- Acute case: if death
* Chronic case: arthritis, skin necrosis or endocarditis
Diagnosis of SMEDI.
Usually in young gilts (maternal immunity until 8-9 months of age Clinical signs, laboratory examinations: • Absorption of fetuses • Mummification • Less than 6 piglets • Stillbirth • Apparent infertility
Significance of SMEDI
Abortion or decreased litter size
Significance of Avian Leukosis
- Sporadic deaths
- Breeding flock: germinative infection
- Always significant (even 1 case)
- Immuno-tolerance: life-long virus shed
- Table egg production: if death rate is over 2%
Origin of Derzy’s disease
- High rate of death: germinative infection or infection at the hatchery
- Incubation period: 8-12 days
- Serum on the first day at the hatchery
- Isolation of the day-old chickens
- Vaccination of breeding flocks
Diagnosis of Mushy chicken disease
- Clinical signs: weak, low body weight (minus variants)
- Pathological findings: triad: yolk sac persistence, omphalitis, improper closing of the navel
- Mortality: 1-10 days
- Laboratory examinations: excluding other infectious and non-infectious diseases
Origin of Fowl Typhoid
- Death during the first 5 days could be originated back to the hatchery
- To the breeding flock: if the hatchery complied with the rules (marking the eggs, separate hatching)
- Tests: blood tests, examination of dead eggs
- Deaths after 5 days of age: epidemic investigation (isolation etc.)
Significance of Fowl Typhoid
- Infection: significant in breeding flocks
- Disease: broiler chickens: death rate (2%)
- Breeding flocks: germinative infection (even 1 case could be significant)
Origin of Fowl Cholera
- Virulent P. multocida (carrier) and predisposing factors
- Clinical signs within 24 hours: could be originated back before the time of delivery
- After 24 hours: was there any fowl cholera outbreak at the seller during the previous 1 year (carrier state)?
- Has he informed the buyer about the previous outbreak?
- Other source of infection at the buyer (isolation, all in-all out system?)
- Predisposing factors (transport, force-feeding etc.)
Significance of Fowl Cholera
Depending on rate of death eggshell contamination, but there is no germinative transmission
Origin of Marek’s Disease
- Age of susceptibility (10 weeks of age)
- Routes of infection: eggshell, day-old chickens, adult poultry, equipment, persons)
- Incubation period (1-7 months)
- The younger is the chicken the higher is the susceptibility
- High rate of diseased animals: if infection during the first days of life
- Infection at the hatchery: if isolation until the age of 6-8 weeks
Significance of Marek’s Disease
- Depending on death rate (2%)
* No germinative infection
Fertility of eggs
- Sex-rate
- Age
- Temperature
- Length and intensity of lighting
- Infectious and non-infectious diseases
- Feed-toxicosis
Hatchability of the egg
- Age of the egg
- Temperature and humidity during storing, Contamination
- Transport, Rest after transport
- Vitamin supply
- Hatching technology
Significance of teeth problems in Equine
- Alter efficient dental function
- Could not be treated
- Risky, expensive intervention or
- Removal of tooth: surgery
- Consequent GI disease
Origin in Iridocyclochorioditis in Equine
- Chronic: 30 days
* Acute: 2 days of a primary disease (allergy: 7-8 days) + chronic changes
Significance of Iridocyclochroditis
Blindness or impaired vision: visual acuity: legal characteristic
Origin of Equine Behavioral Disorders
- History (witness testimonies)
- Physical examination
- Hypertrophied muscles, deformed hooves, worn teeth, scars
- Repeated observation
Significance of Equine Behavioral Disorders
Affect purpose of use:
• Health damage
• Dangerous to the environment
• Improvement is not possible or difficult and requires long time
Origin of primary gastrointestinal disease
• “Feeding accident” (e.g. as in gastric dilatation and rupture)
• Buyer: contributory negligence
• First signs: within 24 hours
• Caecal impaction: 1-2 weeks
• 4 weeks:
- weight of free caecum: (empty weight > 4.5 kg, dry content > 20 kg,
- thickness of caecum head wall muscular layer > 2 mm
Significance of Equine gastrointestinal problems
- Death
* High veterinary costs
Origin of SMEDI
• Infection: around insemination or before 70th day of pregnancy
• Virus in the fetus: 23-32 days
• Death of the fetus: +5-70 days
• Size of the fetus of 41 days of age: 47mm,
and of 70 days of age: 108mm
