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Forensics > forensics > Flashcards

forensics Flashcards

1
Q

Origin of Parvo virus

A
  • Incubation period: 2-4 days
  • 3 days: if disease + death
  • 4 days: typical pathological lesions + regenerating enterocytes
  • 5 days: disease within 2 days, death in spite of treatment
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2
Q

Significance of Parvo virus.

A
  • In case of death

* Treatment costs (justified expenses)

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3
Q

Problems with Parvo vaccination.

A

Vaccination problems:
• dogs: placenta endotheliochorialis
• maternal immunity: 90%: colostral, 10%:diaplacental
• antibodies persist for 8-16 weeks in puppies of vaccinated bitches
• above 1:128 titre: puppies can not be vaccinated effectively
• half life: 9.7 days

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4
Q

Diagnosis of distemper.

A
  • Clinical signs (respiratory tract, mucous membranes, neurological system, skin)
  • Pathology, histopathology, antibodies, virus antigen
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5
Q

Significance of Canine Distemper

A
  • Always if death
  • Loss of olfactory acuity or hard pad disease: working dogs
  • Neurological signs: euthanasia
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6
Q

Significance of cryptorchidism.

A
  • Breeding animal: exclusion from breeding

* Non-breeding animal: neoplastic malformation

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7
Q

Significance of hip dysplasia.

A
  • X-ray (for diagnosis): age!
  • Breeding or working animal: all stages
  • Non-breeding animal: if clinical manifestation
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8
Q

Diagnosis of Bovine Tuberculosis.

A
  • Veterinary institute: bacteriology, histopathology
  • Disease: clinical sings, postmortem lesions (pathology, meat inspection), isolation of M. bovis (months!), positive intradermal tuberculin tests
  • Suspected of being diseased: positive intradermal tuberculin test
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9
Q

Significance of Bovine Tuberculosis (And Brucellosis)

A
  • State veterinary measures: compulsory eradication prohibition of treatment or vaccination
  • Diseased or infected: slaughter
  • Suspected of being infected: official surveillance, movement restrictions
  • Free status: legal characteristic
  • Herd of origin: significant for the whole herd (suspension of free status)
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10
Q

Origin of Bovine Brucellosis.

A
  • Thomsen-rule: the later in pregnancy the animal is infected, the sooner it aborts
  • Minimum 3 weeks
  • Positive serology: late pregnancy: 8 days
  • < 7th month of pregnancy: 3 weeks
  • Epizootic inquiry
  • Minimum 30 day-quarantine: examination on the first week and before release from isolation
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11
Q

Diagnosis of Brucellosis.

A
  • Veterinary institute: bacteriology + 2x serology
  • Sample: aborted foetus, placenta , blood
  • Seropositivity: Brucella abortus (B. melitensis, B. suis)
  • Disease: clinical signs (abortion, premature calving, retention of placenta), isolation of brucellas
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12
Q

Origin of Swine Erysipelas

A
  • Minimum incubation period: 24 hours
  • If >7 days it cannot be originated back before delivery
  • 1-7 days: examination of predisposing factors (overcrowding, transport, etc.)
  • Endocarditis: minimum 3 weeks
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13
Q

Significance Swine Erysipelas

A
  • Acute case: if death

* Chronic case: arthritis, skin necrosis or endocarditis

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14
Q

Diagnosis of SMEDI.

A 
Usually in young gilts (maternal immunity until 8-9 months of age Clinical signs, laboratory examinations: 
• Absorption of fetuses
• Mummification
• Less than 6 piglets
• Stillbirth
• Apparent infertility
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15
Q

Significance of SMEDI

A

Abortion or decreased litter size

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16
Q

Significance of Avian Leukosis

A
  • Sporadic deaths
  • Breeding flock: germinative infection
  • Always significant (even 1 case)
  • Immuno-tolerance: life-long virus shed
  • Table egg production: if death rate is over 2%
17
Q

Origin of Derzy’s disease

A
  • High rate of death: germinative infection or infection at the hatchery
  • Incubation period: 8-12 days
  • Serum on the first day at the hatchery
  • Isolation of the day-old chickens
  • Vaccination of breeding flocks
18
Q

Diagnosis of Mushy chicken disease

A
  • Clinical signs: weak, low body weight (minus variants)
  • Pathological findings: triad: yolk sac persistence, omphalitis, improper closing of the navel
  • Mortality: 1-10 days
  • Laboratory examinations: excluding other infectious and non-infectious diseases
19
Q

Origin of Fowl Typhoid

A
  • Death during the first 5 days could be originated back to the hatchery
  • To the breeding flock: if the hatchery complied with the rules (marking the eggs, separate hatching)
  • Tests: blood tests, examination of dead eggs
  • Deaths after 5 days of age: epidemic investigation (isolation etc.)
20
Q

Significance of Fowl Typhoid

A
  • Infection: significant in breeding flocks
  • Disease: broiler chickens: death rate (2%)
  • Breeding flocks: germinative infection (even 1 case could be significant)
21
Q

Origin of Fowl Cholera

A
  • Virulent P. multocida (carrier) and predisposing factors
  • Clinical signs within 24 hours: could be originated back before the time of delivery
  • After 24 hours: was there any fowl cholera outbreak at the seller during the previous 1 year (carrier state)?
  • Has he informed the buyer about the previous outbreak?
  • Other source of infection at the buyer (isolation, all in-all out system?)
  • Predisposing factors (transport, force-feeding etc.)
22
Q

Significance of Fowl Cholera

A

Depending on rate of death eggshell contamination, but there is no germinative transmission

23
Q

Origin of Marek’s Disease

A
  • Age of susceptibility (10 weeks of age)
  • Routes of infection: eggshell, day-old chickens, adult poultry, equipment, persons)
  • Incubation period (1-7 months)
  • The younger is the chicken the higher is the susceptibility
  • High rate of diseased animals: if infection during the first days of life
  • Infection at the hatchery: if isolation until the age of 6-8 weeks
24
Q

Significance of Marek’s Disease

A
  • Depending on death rate (2%)

* No germinative infection

25
Q

Fertility of eggs

A
  • Sex-rate
  • Age
  • Temperature
  • Length and intensity of lighting
  • Infectious and non-infectious diseases
  • Feed-toxicosis
26
Q

Hatchability of the egg

A
  • Age of the egg
  • Temperature and humidity during storing, Contamination
  • Transport, Rest after transport
  • Vitamin supply
  • Hatching technology
27
Q

Significance of teeth problems in Equine

A
  • Alter efficient dental function
  • Could not be treated
  • Risky, expensive intervention or
  • Removal of tooth: surgery
  • Consequent GI disease
28
Q

Origin in Iridocyclochorioditis in Equine

A
  • Chronic: 30 days

* Acute: 2 days of a primary disease (allergy: 7-8 days) + chronic changes

29
Q

Significance of Iridocyclochroditis

A

Blindness or impaired vision: visual acuity: legal characteristic

30
Q

Origin of Equine Behavioral Disorders

A
  • History (witness testimonies)
  • Physical examination
  • Hypertrophied muscles, deformed hooves, worn teeth, scars
  • Repeated observation
31
Q

Significance of Equine Behavioral Disorders

A

Affect purpose of use:
• Health damage
• Dangerous to the environment
• Improvement is not possible or difficult and requires long time

32
Q

Origin of primary gastrointestinal disease

A

• “Feeding accident” (e.g. as in gastric dilatation and rupture)
• Buyer: contributory negligence
• First signs: within 24 hours
• Caecal impaction: 1-2 weeks
• 4 weeks:
- weight of free caecum: (empty weight > 4.5 kg, dry content > 20 kg,
- thickness of caecum head wall muscular layer > 2 mm

33
Q

Significance of Equine gastrointestinal problems

A
  • Death

* High veterinary costs

34
Q

Origin of SMEDI

A

• Infection: around insemination or before 70th day of pregnancy
• Virus in the fetus: 23-32 days
• Death of the fetus: +5-70 days
• Size of the fetus of 41 days of age: 47mm,
and of 70 days of age: 108mm

Forensics (4 decks)

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