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CRIM 355 > Forensic Toxicology > Flashcards

Forensic Toxicology Flashcards

1
Q

What does the forensic toxicology lab do?

A
  • detects drugs and poisons
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2
Q

What are the 4 goals of a forensic toxicologist?

A
  1. establishing cause of death
  2. provide basis for intoxicated behaviour
  3. provide clues to clinical history
  4. assist in establishing the truth of statements
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3
Q

What type of cases do forensic toxicology deal with?

A
  • murder, attempted murder, manslaughter
  • physical and sexual assault
  • impaired driving
  • poisoning, noxious substances
  • food and product tampering
  • parole and probations violations
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4
Q

How do Forensic Toxicologists analyze specimen? (5 steps)

A
  1. select biological specimen (blood, urine)
  2. extract compounds using analytical chemistry
  3. separate compounds using analytical chemistry
  4. quantitate drugs/poison based on metabolites
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5
Q

What are 7 questions used for forensic toxicology interpretation?

A
  1. when was the last does taken?
  2. was it acute or chronic?
  3. how was it taken?
  4. what was the level at an earlier time?
  5. what symptoms are present?
  6. is the level therapeutic, toxic, fatal?
  7. how much was taken?
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6
Q

List and describe the 2 types of drug dependence

A
  1. psychological dependence
    - underlying emotional need
    - fun, escapism, relief
  2. physical dependence
    - physiological changes
    - withdrawal symptoms when stopping
    - leads to addiction
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7
Q

List examples of narcotics. Describe its physical effects

A
  • heroin, morphine, oxycodone, methadone, fentanyl, carfentanil
  • depress CNS, sleepiness, sense of well-being, pain relief, physical and psychological dependence
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8
Q

List examples of hallucinogens. Describe its physical effects

A
  • marijuana, hash, LSC, PCP, psilocybin, MDMA
  • alteration in mood, attitude, thought processes, perceptions
  • psychological dependence
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9
Q

List examples of depressants. Describe its physical effects

A
  • alcohol, barbiturates, tranquilizers
  • suppress CNS, inhibit mental processes
  • physical and psychological dependence
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10
Q

List examples of stimulants. Describe its physical effects

A
  • cocaine, crack, meth

- stimulates CNS, euphoria, increased energy, decreased appetite and need for sleep, increased confidence

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11
Q

How does cannabis effect driving?

A
  • impairs driving by altering motor skills, slowing reaction time, inhibiting short term memory and concentration
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12
Q

**Describe the phases when alcohol passes through the circulatory system

A
  1. absorption

- alcohol enters blood stream and carried to all parts of body

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13
Q

What factors affect alcohol absorption?

A
  • quantity consumed and type
  • chugged or drank slowly
  • presence of food
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14
Q

How is intoxication tested for?

A
  1. breathalyzer
  2. field sobriety testing (horizontal-gaze nystagmus, walk and turn, one leg stand)
  3. blood alcohol content
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15
Q

If a body is decomposed, where is the best place to obtain a blood alcohol sample?

A
  • vitreous humour (self contained unit that is not in contact with other body fluids)
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16
Q

**Specimens and Testing

A
17
Q

List non-biological exhibits

A
  • paraphernalia (syringes, spoons, pipes

- residues (powders, stains, food, prescriptions)

18
Q

Describe presumptive tests for toxicology

A
  • quick and sensitive
  • not specific
  • useful for exclusion or to indicate possible drug class
19
Q

Describe confirmatory tests for toxicology. What tests are used?

A
  • sensitive
  • specific
  • combination of chromatography and spectrometry (GC+MS, LC+MS, MS+MS)
20
Q

How are presumptive and confirmatory tests interpreted?

A
  • what is the drug?
  • how much was taken?
  • what are the symptoms of the dose?
  • does this explain a person’s behaviour?
21
Q

What are clandestine labs? What do toxicologists do here?

A
  • drug laboratories designed to synthesize drugs

- toxicologists attend these scenes to identify dangers (explosives, booby traps), ID and collect specimens

22
Q

Motherisk

A
  • research lab at SicKids Hospital
  • sold hair-testing products for use in child protection cases
  • decades without proper training and oversight
  • unknown number of children wrongful take from family

CRIM 355 (11 decks)

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