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School > Forensic Science > Flashcards

Forensic Science Flashcards

1
Q

Forensic Science

A

The science used in police investigations to identify the perpetrator.

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2
Q

Crime Scene

A

A place where a crime has been committed and evidence has been gathered.

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3
Q

Suspect

A

A person who is believed to be guilty.

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4
Q

Accomplice

A

A person who helps to commit a crime.

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5
Q

Alibi

A

Evidence to prove whereabouts when a crime was committed.

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6
Q

CSU

A

Crime Scene Unit

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7
Q

DNA

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

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8
Q

Locard’s Exchange Principle

A

Every criminal either leaves or takes something from the scene.

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9
Q

Contact Traces/Trace Evidence

A

Fingerprints, fibres from clothing, body hair.

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10
Q

Types of Evidence

A

Testimonial, physical, trace

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11
Q

Post-mortem

A

After death

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12
Q

Autopsy

A

A detailed scientific inspection to establish the exact cause of death.

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13
Q

Hair layers

A

Cuticle, medulla, cortex

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14
Q

Types of fingerprints

A

Latent, visible, plastic

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15
Q

Latent Print

A

Left by sweat/oil from hands on a surface, not visible to the naked eye.

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16
Q

Visible Print

A

Left by touching blood, ink, paint (or other visible materials).

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17
Q

Plastic Print

A

Left by touching a soft surface and making an impression.

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18
Q

Finger Print Primary Structures

A

Loops, whorls, arches

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19
Q

Minutiae

A

Fine details used to distinguish fingerprints of an individual.

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20
Q

Australian Finger Print Standard

A

A minimum of 12 points must be used to identify two sets of prints as being a match.

21
Q

Types of Injuries

A

Antemortem, perimortem, post-mortem

22
Q

Antemortem

A

Occurred before death

23
Q

Perimortem

A

Occurred at the time of death

24
Q

Post-mortem

A

Occurred after death

25
Q

Rigor Mortis

A

The period that a body goes through a state of stiffness caused by the lactic acid build up in the body

26
Q

Rigor Mortis Timeline

A

1-4 hours: jaw and neck rigid, rest of body limp

Up to 8 hours: everything down to the legs is rigid

For 12 hours: everything remains rigid

24 hours: jaw is limp, everything else is rigid

30-32 hours: everything but the legs are limp

36 hours: entire body is limp (no rigidity) decomposition has begun

27
Q

Livor Mortis

A

The settling of blood that caused the skin to change colour and determines if the body has been moved.

28
Q

Algor Mortis

A

Estimating the time of death from body temperature.

29
Q

Algor Mortis formula

A

(36.9 - body temperature in degrees Celsius) * 1.2

30
Q

Optical microscope

A

Light microscope

31
Q

Electron microscope

A

Higher magnification than an optical microscope

32
Q

Mass spectrometry

A

Analyses particles of chemical substances

33
Q

Gas chromatography

A

Analyses compounds that can be vaporised without decomposition

34
Q

DNA profiling equipment

A

Can match genetic information from a body/crime scene with samples take from suspect

35
Q

Spatter

A

Bloodstains created from the applications of force to the area where the blood originated.

36
Q

Origin/Source

A

The place from where the blood spatter come from or originated.

37
Q

Angle of Impact

A

The angle at which a blood droplet strikes a surface.

38
Q

Parent Drop

A

The droplet from which a satellite spatter originates.

39
Q

Satellite Spatters

A

Small drops of blood that break off from the parent spatter when the blood droplet hits a surface.

40
Q

Spines

A

The pointed edges of a stain that radiate out from the spatter; can help determine the direction from which the blood travelled.

41
Q

Passive Bloodstains

A

Low velocity impact

42
Q

Projected Bloodstains

A

High velocity impact

43
Q

Transfer or contact bloodstain patterns

A

When a wet, bloody object comes in contact with a target surface.

44
Q

Swipe pattern

A

From an object moving through and leaving a bloodstain.

44
Q

Swipe pattern

A

From an object moving through and leaving a bloodstain.

45
Q

Round Blood Droplet

A

If blood has fallen straight down (90 degree angle)

46
Q

Elliptical Blood Droplet

A

If blood has fallen at an angle

47
Q

Impact angle formula

A

Impact angle = sin^-1 (width/length)

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