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Forensic Psychology > Forensic Psychology > Flashcards

Forensic Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

Eye witness reliability

A

The degree to which the information provided by an eye witness is reflective of the perceived event

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2
Q

Cognitive psychology

A

The scientific study of internal mental processes and includes all of the things that go on inside the brain, including perception, thinking, memory, attention, language, problem solving and learning

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3
Q

Cognitive psychology

A

The scientific study of internal mental processes and includes all of the things that go on inside the brain, including perception, thinking, memory, attention, language, problem solving and learning

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4
Q

Sensory memory

A

The very short duration for which sense based information is held post exposure

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5
Q

Short term memory

A

The limited amount of information which can be stored without rehearsal for a short duration

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6
Q

Long term memory

A

The almost unlimited amount of information which can be stored over a lifetime with rehearsal

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7
Q

Recognition

A

The ability to elicit stored material through the use of a cue e.g line up

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8
Q

Recall

A

The ability to elicit stored material without externally providing any type of cue e.g description

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9
Q

System variables

A

The factors impacting eyewitness reliability that the formal justice system can control

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10
Q

Estimator variables

A

The factors impacting eyewitness reliability that the criminal justice system cannot control and therefore can only estimate the levels of impact they have

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11
Q

Sequential line up

A

The photos are presented one at a time

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12
Q

Simultaneous line up

A

The photos are all presented at once

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13
Q

Questioning

A

Goal is to encourage the person to provide you with reliable info related to an alleged offence

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14
Q

Interviewing

A

Goal is to encourage the person to provide you with confirmation of known elements of alleged offence in a formal setting

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15
Q

Interrogation

A

Goal is to acquire a confession from an individual regarding an alleged offence

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16
Q

Standard vs non standard speech style

A

Refers to the degree to which an individual employs non-normative words and phrases

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17
Q

Direct and indirect speech

A

Refers to the degree to which an individual is explicit in their communication

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18
Q

Powerful vs non powerful speech

A

Refers to the degree to which and individual speaks with authority

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19
Q

Tag questions

A

Inclusion of a question at the end of a statement

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20
Q

Intensifiers

A

Inclusion of words or phrases that over emphasise the statement

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21
Q

hedges

A

Inclusion of words or phrases that indicate a level of being unsure

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22
Q

Perceptual set

A

Suggests that a targets perception of a communication will be impacted by their current mindset

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23
Q

Cognitive overload

A

Suggests that a targets perception of a communication will be negatively impacted if they are cognitively over taxed

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24
Q

Paralanguage

A

Non verbal cues of the voice

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25
Q

Oculesics (eye contact)

A

Generally revolves around length and intensity of contact which may be used to control conversation, express emotion and indicate honesty

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26
Q

Oculesics (eye contact)

A

Generally revolves around length and intensity of contact which may be used to control conversation, express emotion and indicate honesty

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27
Q

Kinesics (body language)

A

Non verbal body movements that express meaning

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28
Q

Facial expression (ekman)

A

Anger, fear, disgust, surprise, happiness and sadness

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29
Q

Gestures

A

Specific sign or motions used to enhance communication

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30
Q

Emblems

A

Substitute for words and phrases

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31
Q

Illustrators

A

Accompany and reinforce verbal messages

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32
Q

Affect displays

A

Indicate emotional meaning

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33
Q

Regulators

A

Assist in controlling conversation/interaction

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34
Q

Intimate distance

A

Indicates a very high level of comfort and trust with the person (15-45cm)

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35
Q

Personal space

A

Indicates a moderate level of trust and comfort with the person (46-100cm)

36
Q

Social distance

A

Indicates a professional level of interaction (1-4 meters)

37
Q

Public distance

A

Indicates a formal level of interaction, including objectivity (4-8 meters)

38
Q

Haptics (positive)

A

Contact meant to convey approval

39
Q

Haptics (negative)

A

Contact meant to convey disapproval

40
Q

Haptics (control)

A

Contact meant to establish or maintain dominance

41
Q

Haptics (playful)

A

Contact meant to convey fun

42
Q

Haptics (ritualistic)

A

Contact initiated as part of a social convention e.g handshake

43
Q

Haptics (task related)

A

Contact related to the successful completion of an objective

44
Q

Forensic challenges

A

Deception
Lack of motivation
Self monitoring
Accurate and quick profilers
Effective actors
Willing and motivated

45
Q

Defendants competence to stand trial (legal standard)

A

Whether the defendant has sufficient present ability to consult with their legal representative with a reasonable degree of rational understanding and whether they have a rational as well as factual understanding of the proceedings against them

46
Q

Defendants competence to stand trial (psychological aspects)

A

The basic concepts related to the trial e.g truth
The roles of the main actors in the trial
Their legal/ constitutional rights
Factual understanding of the proceedings against them

47
Q

Defendants competence to stand trial

A

Legal standard
Psychological aspects
Malingering
Tests/assessments
Competency of children to testify

48
Q

5 step survey process

A
  1. Reliable base rate sample - sample of eligible jurors from the community of interest
  2. Reliable comparative sample - sample of eligible jurors from a similar community
    3.questions
  3. Analysis
  4. Evidence
49
Q

Challenge for cause

A

Removal of a juror based on proof or demonstration of a bias that would impede their ability to be objective

50
Q

Peremptory challenges

A

Removal of a juror with no bias for dismissal required

51
Q

The venire process

A

Identification of potential jurors

52
Q

Input biases

A

Vividness
Negativity
Primacy

53
Q

Processing biases

A

Representative heuristic
Illusory correlation
Framing

54
Q

Output biases

A

Response bias
Functional fixedness

55
Q

Attributions of causality (primary attribution)

A

When deciding on the cause for the behaviour of the others who we do not know very well, we have a tendency to make an immediate disposition all or situational judgment

56
Q

Attributions of causality (fundamental attribution error)

A

When deciding in on the cause for the negative behaviour of other we have a tendency over emphasise dispositional factors and under emphasise situational factors

57
Q

Attributions of causality (actor/observer bias)

A

When deciding on the cause for the new behaviour of ourselves and others, we have a tendency to view our negative behaviours as situational and our positive behaviours as dispositional which eroding the opposite for others

58
Q

Heart vs head strategy

A

Tier of fact
Level of emotional content in trial
Jury demographic
Defendant/Viti appeal

59
Q

Attorney tactics

A

Vivid language
Repetition
Loaded questions
Subtle shifts in wording
Definitional tactics
Establishing and disrupting connections in the stories being told

60
Q

Individual deterrence

A

Goal is to stop the specific individual from engaging in the same offending behaviour

61
Q

General deterrence

A

Goal is to stop similar other from engaging in a similar offending behaviour

62
Q

Incapacitation

A

Goal is to stop the specific individual from engaging in all offending behaviour by placing them in a secure environment

63
Q

Retribution

A

Goal is to take something of equal value from the offending individual

64
Q

Rehabilitation

A

Foal is to try and change the individual so they no longer wish to engage in offending behaviour

65
Q

Moral outrage

A

Goal is to provide society with a way to vent their frustration, anger and/or outrage at being victimised

66
Q

Types of Post-Conviction Assessments ( placement)

A

To establish the environment and type of service that best reflects the needs of society and the needs of the offender

67
Q

Types of Post-Conviction Assessments (dangerousness)

A

To establish how much of the danger the offender is to both himself and others

68
Q

Types of Post-Conviction Assessments

A

Place to
Dangerousness
Competence to execute

69
Q

Placement: criminogenic needs

A
  1. Level of risk of reoffending
  2. Sentencing placement decisions
  3. Case management information
70
Q

Placement: criminogenic needs ( risk of reoffending)

A

Criminal history
Drug and alcohol use
Friends and family
Recreation and leisure
Employment
Education
Antisocial attitudes
Antisocial personality traits

71
Q

Placement and rehabilitation challenges

A

Resourcing
Time
Clients

72
Q

Dangerousness of an offender

A

Narcissism
Impulsive violence
Reactive anger
Lack of empathy
Lack of conscience
Machiavellian is

73
Q

Pre 1450 possession by demons era

A

Cause - abnormal behaviour believed to be due to the physical possession by a demon

Response - removal of the demon

74
Q

1450- 1750 possession by the devil era

A

Cause - abnormal behaviour believed to be due to the spiritual possession by the devil

Response - encourage the devil to leave the person

75
Q

1750 to 1800 biological abnormality and proportional responses era

A

Cause - abnormal behaviour believed to be due to some biological cause

Response - crude biological responses

76
Q

1800 to 1850 institutionalisation era

A

Cause - abnormal behaviour believed to be due to some uncontrollable cause

Response - separation and institutionalisation

77
Q

1850 to 1900 medical (biological) era

A

Cause - abnormal behaviour believed to be sue to a medical problem

Response - operations and medications

78
Q

1900 to 1930 psychoanalytic era (Freud)

A

Cause - abnormal behaviour believed to be due to early childhood conflicts and unconscious impulses

Response - intensive individual therapy

79
Q

1930 to 1950 behavioural ear (skinner)

A

Cause - abnormal behaviour believed to be due to learning

Response - behaviourally based treatments
-aversion therapy
-systematic desensitisation
-behavioural modification programs

80
Q

Aversion therapy

A

Behavioural technique in which the individual is exposed to the stimulus of the interest while forced to experience and unpleasant sensation in order to stop the behaviour

81
Q

Systematic desensitisation

A

Behavioural technique in which the individual is gradually exposed to increasing levels of anxiety provoking stimuli as it is associated with a calming influence

82
Q

Behavioural modification programs

A

Behavioural technique in which positive behaviours are encouraged through the implementation of a schedule of reinforcement

83
Q

1950 to 1980 humanistic era (rogers)

A

Cause - abnormal behaviour believed to be due to the need for people to self actualise

Response - group therapy aimed at impacting empathy, unconditional acceptance and genuineness

84
Q

1980 to today cognitive era (Kelly)

A

Cause - abnormal behaviour believed to be due to faulty thinking styles

Response - alteration of thinking styles

85
Q

Locus of control

A

The degree to which you believe that you control your fate or destiny

86
Q

Alternative correctional programs

A

Offence based units
Faith based units
Culture based units

Forensic Psychology (1 decks)

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