Forensic populations - Lecture 8 Flashcards
What is the GAM?
It is the General Aggression Model created by Bushman and Anderson (2001)
What are the four developmental stages involved in violent offenders?
- Distal antecedents
- Early indicators
- Developmental processes
- Maintenance
What are classed as distal antecedents?
Biology eg. neurological problems
Psychology eg. impulsiveness
Environment eg. hot, crowded, high crime area
(Remember that aggressive behaviour can start when someone is drunk, hot, crowded - not necessarily determinative of an aggressive act)
What are classed as early indicators?
Conduct disorder
Poor/harsh parenting
Early aggression, perhaps reinforced
Anger
(Remember that bad behaviour starts in boys about 1 and about 4 in girls but can be stopped by parents)
What are classed as developmental processes?
Poor school attainment
Cognitive style eg. hostile attributions
Substance abuse
What is classed as maintenance?
Peers
Opportunities
Poverty and deprivation
What was the questionnaire created?
The Buss-Perry Agression questionnaire (1992)
What percentage of total crime is domestic abuse?
21.5% - most happens in the home.
Largest type against women
‘Husband-beating’ rare but US estimates 45% of homicides male and 55% female.
What has psychopathy become known as?
Dangerous and Severe Personality Disorder (DSPD)
What percentage of 16-59 year olds did the CSEW suggest had used illicit drugs?
35.7%
Why is detected drug use falling in prisons?
Because of legal highs
How many people are estimated to have used drugs in England and Wales?
11.2 million people aged 16-59
What are the three potential links between drug use and crime?
Illicit use to leads to other crimes
Crime may lead to drug use
More complex interactions - facilitation and diversification
There may be an association from shared common cause but no causal link between the two.
How many people use illicit drugs every year?
4-6 million
What does it mean to have a chaotic lifestyle?
No family, no relationship etc.
What percentage of drug users have a chaotic lifestyle?
Less than 5%
How many problem drug users are there?
150,000
How many persistent offenders?
550,000
What have become common euphemisms for sexual offenders in prison?
Monster and Beast (Sampson, 1994)
Does data support the supposed constant threat?
No, in fact, there has been a steady decrease since 2003-04.
How many statutes were introduced between 1991-2009 affecting sex offenders?
13+
What is term ‘Paedophile’ classed as?
A clinical diagnosis associated with the paraphilias and paraphilic disorders in the DSM-V
Can you be a paedophile and not a sex offender?
Yes.
What percentage of sex offenders have been abused themselves?
20-30%
What percentage of adult women have either been sexually assaulted or raped?
10%
Myth 1. They are all men. True/False?
False - Finkelhor’s review showed that 10% were female
Myth 2. They are all adults. True/False?
False - 30-50% child sexual abuse, 20% of rapes carried out by adolescents.
Myth 3. They are all strangers. True/False?
70-90% of child sex abuse committed by someone they know. Only 8% committed by strangers.
Myth 4. They are abnormal in personality or mentally ill. True/False?
Majority are not, nor personality-disordered.
Myth 5. Majority report abuse as a child. True/False?
True. 20-30%
Myth 6. They are a homogenous group. True/False?
False. All socioeconomic groups represented.
Myth 7. They are persistent offenders. True/False?
Not always. 15% reoffend over 5 years, 20% reoffend over 10 (much lower than burglary - 75%).
Myth 8. They are untreatable. True/False?
Extensive work in UK, US and Canada suggests not.
