Forensic osteology-age estimation Flashcards
To be able to identify the different phases of age estimation techniques
1
Q
What were the observations of iscan et al.
A
He looked at the sternal end of 4th rib of the Korean War dead (males) and observed: Pit depth, pit shape, and the rim and wall configuration
2
Q
Ribs Phase 0 (<17)
A
- Flat or billowy surface
- Regular rim and rounded edges
- Bone, firm, solid and smooth
3
Q
Ribs Phase 1 (17-19)
A
- Surface begins to show amorphous indentations, billowing still present
- Rim still regular and round
- Scalloping may appear at edges
- Bone firm, solid and smooth
4
Q
Ribs Phase 2 (20-23)
A
- Pit becomes deeper
- Anterior and posterior walls form a V-shape appearance
- Thick and smooth walls with a scalloped or slightly wavy rim and rounded edges
- Gradual loss of smoothness
5
Q
Ribs Phase 3 (24-28)
A
- Pit becomes deeper, forms a U-shape
- Walls still thick, with rounded edges
- Still some scalloping but rim becomes more irregular
- Bone quite firm and solid
6
Q
Ribs Phase 4 (26-32)
A
- Depth of pit increasing, yet retaining moderate to narrow U-shape.
- Walls become thinner, but edges remain round.
- Rim becoming more irregular, losing uniform scalloping pattern
7
Q
Ribs Phase 5 (33-42)
A
- Little change to depth of pit, moderately wide U-shape
- Thinning of walls continuous with edges becoming sharp
- Rim gets increasingly irregular, no more scalloping but bony projections instead.
- Bone begins to slightly deteriorate, showing porosity and loss of density
8
Q
Ribs Phase 6 (43-54)
A
- Deep pit with wide U-shape
- Walls thin with sharp edges
- Irregular rim with rather large bony projections, often more pronounced at the superior and inferior borders.
- Bone is becoming lighter, thinner and more porous, especially inside the pit
9
Q
Rib Phase 7 (55-64)
A
- Deep pit with very wide U-shape
- Walls thin and fragile, sharp and irregular edges with bony projections
- Bone, light, brittle and porous
10
Q
Rib Phase 8 (65+)
A
- Pit very deep with wide U-shape
- Walls extremely thin, fragile and brittle
- Edges highly irregular with bony projections
- Bone is brittle, very light, friable and porous.
- Walls mat show formation of ‘windows’
11
Q
Suchey-brook Phase 1
A
- Symphyseal face has a billowing surface composed of ridges and furrows that include the pubic tubercle
- The horizontal edges may be commencing
- Although ossific nodules may occur in the upper extremitiy, main feature of this stage is the lack of delimination.
12
Q
Suchey- brook Phase 2
A
- Symphyseal face may still show ridge development
- Lower and upper extremities show early stages of delimination, with or without ossific nodules
- Ventral rampart may begin fomration as extension of either or both extremities
13
Q
Suchey-brook Phase 3
A
- Symphseal face shows lower extremity and ventral rampart in the process of completion
- Fusing ossfic nodules may form the upper extremity adn extend along ventral border
- Symphyseal face may either be smooth or retain distinct edges
- Dorsal plateu complete
- No lipping of symphyseal dorsal margin or bony ligamentous outgrowths.
14
Q
Suchey-Brook Phase 4
A
- Symphyseal face is generally fine grained, although remnants od rudge and furrow system may remain.
- Oval outline usually complete at this stage, though hiatus may occur in upper aspect of ventral circumference
- Pubic tubercle is fully seperated from symphyseal face through definition of upper extremity
- Symphyseal face must have a distint rim
- Ventrally, bony ligamentous outgrwoth may occur in inferior portion of pubic bone adjacent to symphyseal face.
- Slight lipping may appear on dorsal border
15
Q
Suchey-brooks Phase 5
A
- Slight depression on teh face relative to a complete rim
- Moderate lipping usually foind on the dorsal border with prominent ligamentous outgrowths on the ventral border
- Little to no erosion, though brekadown possible on supeiror aspect of ventral border
