FORENSIC Flashcards by Nic P

A disc of transparent glass generally bounded by two spherical surfaces capable of transforming an image

Lens

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The eye of the camera

Lens

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A piece of transparent material made of glass or plastic with 2 opposite symmetrical surfaces or atleast one curved surface

Lens

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Composed of 1 lens

Simple lenses

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Produce aberrated images

Simple lenses

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It consist of two or more simple lenses fitted together

Compound lenses

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Largest opening of the diaphragm that the light can pass through

Lens speed

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Important in taking pictures in dim light

Lens speed

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A lens with larger maximum aperture

Fast lens

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A smaller maximum aperture

Slow lens

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This refers to the size of the image produced by lens depend upon factor’s camera to subject and focal length

Image Size

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This refers to a good lenses that are capable of reproducing circles of confusion much smaller than 1/1000 of an inch

Depth of focus

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This refers to the distance from the optical center of the lens to the focal plane, when the lens is focused on infinity

Focal plane

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The distance between the lens and the focal plane when the lens is focused on infinity

Focal length

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Focal length controls the following?

Magnification, Angle of view, Standard or Normal lens

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The sized of the image formed by the lens

Magnification

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The amount of the scene shown on a given size of film

Angle of view

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A lens with a focal length equal to the diagonal measure of the image area

Standard or Normal lens

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Angle of view is 45 degrees to 60 degrees

Standard or Normal lens

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Produce an image that is approximately the same with the view of the human eye

Standard or Normal lens

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It has a shorter focal length than the normal lens

Short focal lens or wide angle lens

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Covers a picture angle of 60 to 90 degrees

Short focal lens or wide angle lens

It enables photographing a widely extended scene from a close proximity or within a confined area.

Short focal lens or wide angle lens

A lens with extreme wide angle

Fish Eye Len’s

It provides a field of view of 180 degrees or more

Fish Eye Lens

Lens with longer focal length that constrict the field of view and decrease the depth of field while greatly magnifying the image

Long or Telephoto Lens or Narrow Angle

Angle of view is less than 45 degrees

Long or Telephoto Lens or Narrow Angle

A special type of camera lens with variable focal length with can be adjusted continuously by the movement of the variable focus lens

Zoom Lens

This lens allows quick adjustment to give a wider or narrower field of vision but keeping the image in focus

Zoom Lens

The failure of light rays to focus properly after they pass through a lens or reflect from a mirror

Aberration

Focusing at different points of light rays passing through different parts of spherical lens

Spherical aberration

The outer parts of the lens is bent more sharply and comes to a focus sooner than that passing through the middle

Spherical aberration

The failure of different colored lights rays

Chromatic aberration

The inability of the lens to bring horizontal and vertical lines

Astigmatism

Occurs at the edge of the image, the image appears elliptical or cross shaped because of an irregularity in the curvature of the lens

Astigmatism

It occurs when light falling obliquely on the lens

Coma

A spot of light appears to have a tail, rather like a comet

Coma

The plane of sharpest focus becomes curved not flat

Curvature of field

It is caused by rays from the outer limits of the subject plane coming to focus nearer to the lens than the axial rays

Curvature of field

Causes the image of a straight line, at the edges of the field to bow in or out.

Distortion

A result of double reflection from inner lens surfaces

Flare or optical flare

This refers to colored disks of glass or gelatine which are placed Infront of the camera lens to improve the quality of pictures

Filters

Filters that are used effectively when photographing blood

Blue filters

Filters that are used in place of blue filters for photographing blood.

Green filters

They work better than blue filters

Green filters

Filters that are used to photograph white cars

Yellow filters

Filters that is used to screens out the violet end of the spectrum

Ultraviolet or UV filters

It will prevent the lens from being scratched

Ultraviolet or UV filters

Filters that is used to cut down light transmission

Neutral Density Filters

They used to reduce the light intensity to prevent over exposure

Neutral Density Filters

Filters that is used primarily to control light reflected from highly polished surfaces

Polarizing Filters

This is the only filter that can increase the blue saturation in the sky in a color photograph without altering the remaining colors in the scene

Polarizing Filters

Filters that are used to remove excess bluishness from distant view outdoors

Haze and Skylight Filters

Filters intended to alter the response to the spectral sensitivity in terms of the naked eye

Correction Filters