Forelimb

Question 1

are the triceps extensor or flexor muscles?

Answer 1

extensor

Question 2

are the biceps extensor or flexor muscles?

Answer 2

flexor

Question 3

what does an extensor muscle do?

Answer 3

increase the angle b/w bone

Question 4

what does a flexor muscle do?

Answer 4

decrease the angle between bone

Question 5

what are the two types of fascia?

Answer 5

superficial and deep

Question 6

what does the superficial fascia do?

Answer 6

anchors skin to the body

Question 7

what does the deep fascia do?

Answer 7

anchors deeper structures together

Question 8

where are the intrinsic muscles located? what are they?

Answer 8

wholly within the forearm, the tricep and bicep

Question 9

where are the extrinsic muscles located? name two common ones

Answer 9

fan out from scapula and proemial humerus towards neck and trunk, trapezius cm, tm and rhomboideus cm tm.

Question 10

describe the brachium region

Answer 10

upper limb w/ shoulder join and elbow joint at either end

contains humerus bone

Question 11

describe the ante-brachium region

Answer 11

distal to the brachium, between elbow and carpal joints

contains radius and ulna bone

Question 12

describe the manus

Answer 12

contains 2 rows of carpal bones, metacarpals and phalanges

distal to the ante-brachium

Question 13

describe the main arterial supply to the forelime

Answer 13

left sub clav –> axillary a –> brachial a –> median a –> metacarpal/digits

Question 14

where is the brachial a located?

Answer 14

in the brachium

Question 15

where is the median artery located?

Answer 15

in the ante-brachium

Question 16

describe the 4 different routes of venous drainage

Answer 16

1. cephalic –> ext. jugular –> brachiocephalic
2. median –> brachial v –> brachiocephalic
3. cephalic –> axillobrachial v –> axillary v
4. cephalic –> omobrachial v –> ext jug –> brachiocephalic

Question 17

what are the names of the two lymph nodes?

Answer 17

axillary lymph nodes

superficial cervical lymph nodes

Question 18

what is a spinal nerve?

Answer 18

nerve that leaves spinal column through left and right intervertebral foramina b/w specific vertebrae

Question 19

what are the peripheral nerves that supply the forearm

Answer 19

5th cervical –> 2nd thoracic spinal nerves –> BRACHIAL PLEXUS –> musculocutaneous, radial, axillary, median + ulnar

Question 20

what does the musculocutenous n innervate?

Answer 20

biceps and bcrachialis muscle of brachium

Question 21

what does the radial n innervate?

Answer 21

caudal muscle of brachium and craniolateral muscle of ante-brachium eg/ elbow extensor, carpal extensor, digit extensor

Question 22

what does the axillary n innervate?

Answer 22

caudal/lateral muscles of shoulder

Question 23

what does the radial & ulnar n innervate?

Answer 23

caudomedial muscles of the ante brachium eg/ carpal flexor, digital flexor

Question 24

if a region of skin is autonomous what does this mean?

Answer 24

it is innervated by a single nerve –> can test singular nerve function

Question 25

if a region of skin is cutaneous what does this mean?

Answer 25

overlapping nerves supply this region