Forelimb Flashcards
are the triceps extensor or flexor muscles?
extensor
are the biceps extensor or flexor muscles?
flexor
what does an extensor muscle do?
increase the angle b/w bone
what does a flexor muscle do?
decrease the angle between bone
what are the two types of fascia?
superficial and deep
what does the superficial fascia do?
anchors skin to the body
what does the deep fascia do?
anchors deeper structures together
where are the intrinsic muscles located? what are they?
wholly within the forearm, the tricep and bicep
where are the extrinsic muscles located? name two common ones
fan out from scapula and proemial humerus towards neck and trunk, trapezius cm, tm and rhomboideus cm tm.
describe the brachium region
upper limb w/ shoulder join and elbow joint at either end
contains humerus bone
describe the ante-brachium region
distal to the brachium, between elbow and carpal joints
contains radius and ulna bone
describe the manus
contains 2 rows of carpal bones, metacarpals and phalanges
distal to the ante-brachium
describe the main arterial supply to the forelime
left sub clav –> axillary a –> brachial a –> median a –> metacarpal/digits
where is the brachial a located?
in the brachium
where is the median artery located?
in the ante-brachium
describe the 4 different routes of venous drainage
- cephalic –> ext. jugular –> brachiocephalic
- median –> brachial v –> brachiocephalic
- cephalic –> axillobrachial v –> axillary v
- cephalic –> omobrachial v –> ext jug –> brachiocephalic
what are the names of the two lymph nodes?
axillary lymph nodes
superficial cervical lymph nodes
what is a spinal nerve?
nerve that leaves spinal column through left and right intervertebral foramina b/w specific vertebrae
what are the peripheral nerves that supply the forearm
5th cervical –> 2nd thoracic spinal nerves –> BRACHIAL PLEXUS –> musculocutaneous, radial, axillary, median + ulnar
what does the musculocutenous n innervate?
biceps and bcrachialis muscle of brachium
what does the radial n innervate?
caudal muscle of brachium and craniolateral muscle of ante-brachium eg/ elbow extensor, carpal extensor, digit extensor
what does the axillary n innervate?
caudal/lateral muscles of shoulder
what does the radial & ulnar n innervate?
caudomedial muscles of the ante brachium eg/ carpal flexor, digital flexor
if a region of skin is autonomous what does this mean?
it is innervated by a single nerve –> can test singular nerve function
if a region of skin is cutaneous what does this mean?
overlapping nerves supply this region
