Forelimb

Question 1

List the extrinsic muscles of the shoulder

Answer 1

Omotransversarius

Brachiocephalicus - cleidomastoideus, cleidocephalicus and cleidobrachialis

Latissimus dorsi

Trapezius

Rhomboideus

Serratus ventralis

Superficial pectoral

Deep pectoral

Question 2

Which branch of the axillary nerve has an autonomous zone around the shoulder?

Answer 2

Cranial lateral cutaneous brachial nerve

Question 3

Which veins should be identifiable?

Answer 3

Axillobrachil

Omobrachial

Cephalic

Question 4

State the intrisinic muscles of the shoulder

Answer 4

Lateral

Supraspinatus

Infraspinatus

Teres minor

Deltoideus

Medial

Teres major

Coracobrachialis

Tensor fascia antebrachii

Question 5

Name the lateral group of intrinsic muscles of the shoulder

Answer 5

Teres minor

Supraspinatus

Infraspinatus

Deltoideus

Question 6

How many parts does the deltoideus muscle have?

Answer 6

2 - acromion and scapular parts

Question 7

Name the medial group of intrinsic muscles of the shoulder.

Answer 7

Coracobrachialis

Teres major

Subscapularis

Question 8

What are the extensor muscles of the elbow?

Answer 8

Triceps brachii

Tensor fascia antebrachii

Anconeus

Question 9

How many heads does the triceps brachii have? Name them.

Answer 9

4: long, lateral, medial and accessory heads

Question 10

Which muscles are responsible for elbow flexion?

Answer 10

Biceps brachii

Brachialis

Question 11

Which nerve supplies the trapezius, omotransversarius and part of the brachiocephalicus muscles?

Answer 11

Accessory nerve

Question 12

Where does the accessory nerve originate from? What is the reason for this?

Answer 12

Accessory nerve originates from the head because it is a cranial nerve (CNXI)

Question 13

Which of the shoulder and elbow nerves originate from the brachial plexus?

Answer 13

Long thoracic nerve

Brachiocephalic nerve

Thoracodorsal nerve

Question 14

What muscles do the cervical and thoracic spinal nerves supply?

Answer 14

Rhomboideus

Parts of serratus ventralis

Parts of brachiocephalicus

Question 15

What other nerve supplies part of serratus ventralis muscle?

Answer 15

Long thoracic nerve

Question 16

What does the brachiocephalic nerve supply?

Answer 16

Parts of brachiocephalicus

Question 17

The brachiocephalicus muscles are suppled by which two nerves?

Answer 17

Brachiocephalicus

Cervical and thoracic spinal nerves

Question 18

The latissimus dorsi muscle is supplied by which two nerves

Answer 18

Caudal pectoral

Thoracodorsal

Question 19

What muscle does the thoracodorsal nerve innervate?

Answer 19

Part of the latissimus dorsi

Question 20

What nerve is the superficial pectoral supplied by?

Answer 20

Cranial pectoral nerve

Question 21

What muscles does the caudal pectoral nerve innervate?

Answer 21

Deep pectoral

Part of latissimus dorsi

Question 22

Which spinal nerves comprise the brachial plexus?

Answer 22

C6,C7,C8,T1,T2

With some input from C5

Question 23

What are the nerves arising from the brachial plexus?

Answer 23

Brachiocephalic

Suprascapular

Radial

Subscapula

Thoracodorsal

Musculocutaneous

Median

Cranial pectoral

Ulnar

Axillary

Caudal pectoral

Question 24

What nerve is the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles innervated by?

Answer 24

Suprascapular nerve

Question 25

What muscle does the subscapularis nerve innervate?

Answer 25

Subscapularis

Question 26

Which nerve supplies flexors of the shoulder (teres major, teres minor and deltoideus)?

Answer 26

Axillary nerve

Question 27

What is the additional role of the axillary nerve aside from innervating the flexors of the shoulder?

Answer 27

Sensory innervation to the cranial lateral cutaneous brachial nerve, which supplies the skin

Question 28

Describe the route of the suprascapular nerve.

Answer 28

Runs from brachial plexus Runs cranially around scapula

Question 29

Describe the route of the axillary nerve.

Answer 29

Proceeds from the brachial plexus Runs caudal to the scapula

Question 30

Describe the route and innervation of the musculocutaneous nerve.

Answer 30

Runs medially down brachium from brachial plexus Supplies coracobrachialis, brachialis and biceps brachii Proceeds as small sensory nerve innervating craniomedial antebrachium Communicates with median nerve in distal brachium

Question 31

Describe the route and innervation of the suprascapular nerve.

Answer 31

Proceeds cranially around scapula from brachial plexus Innervates supraspinatus and infraspinatus

Question 32

Describe the route and innervation of the axillary nerve.

Answer 32

Runs caudal to the shoulder joint from the brachial plexus Supplies shoulder flexors (teres major and minor, and deltoideus) Provides sensory innervation to cranial lateral cutaneous brachial nerve

Question 33

Which is the largest nerve of the brachial plexus?

Answer 33

Radial nerve

Question 34

State the muscles that the radial nerve supplies?

Answer 34

All extensor muscles of the elbow, carpus and digits Supplies supinator and abductor pollicis longus

Question 35

Where is the innervation by the median nerve found within the forelimb? What muscles are supplied?

Answer 35

Located distal to the elbow Supplies pronator teres, pronator quadratus, flexor carpi radialis, superficial digital flexor, radial and part of humerall heads of deep digital flexor muscles Sensory to palmer aspect of paw

Question 36

What muscles does the ulnar nerve provide innervation to?

Answer 36

Innervates flexor carpi radialis, ulnar and parts of humeral head of deep digital flexor Distal to carpus, this provides branches to interosseus muscles of paw Sensory for lateral aspect of paw

Question 37

What are the different regions of the main artery of the forelimb?

Answer 37

Axillary Brachial Median (in antebrachium)

Question 38

What is the name of the final branch of the brachial artery?

Answer 38

Common interosseus artery

Question 39

From the common interosseus artery, name the other arterial components supplying the majority of blood to the foot.

Answer 39

Caudal interosseus + main continuation of median artery supply much of the blood flow to the foot

Question 40

What form do blood vessels in the foot take?

Answer 40

Superficial and deep palmer arteries Superficial and deep dorsal arteries

Question 41

What different sets of veins are there?

Answer 41

Superficial and deep

Question 42

Describe the routes of the deep and superficial veins of the forelimb.

Answer 42

Deep - follow course of the arteries of the forelimb Superficial - run just beneath the skin -\> thermoregulation

Question 43

Describe the route of the main vein.

Answer 43

Cephalic vein runs up cranial aspect of limb Proximally it runs deep to brachiocephalics Joins jugular vein

Question 44

Which veins does the axillobrachial vein run between at the shoulder?

Answer 44

Between the cephalic and axillary veins at the shoulder

Question 45

Which vein runs from the axillobrachial to the cephalic vein?

Answer 45

Omobrachial vein

Question 46

Identify the dorsolateral antebrachial muscles.

Answer 46

Extensor carpi radialis Common digital extensor Lateral digital extensor Ulnaris lateralis Abductor pollicis longus Extensor pollicis longus et indicis proprius

Question 47

Identify the caudomedial antebrachial muscles.

Answer 47

Flexor carpi radialis Flexor carpi ulnaris Superficial digital flexor Deep digital flexor

Question 48

How many heads does flexor carpi ulnaris have?

Answer 48

2 heads: small ulnar head large humeral head

Question 49

How many heads does the deep digital flexor muscle have?

Answer 49

3 heads: largest humeral (composed of 3 bellies) Smallest radial head Intermediate ulnar head