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NSF > Forelimb > Flashcards

Forelimb Flashcards

1
Q

List the extrinsic muscles of the shoulder

A

Omotransversarius

Brachiocephalicus - cleidomastoideus, cleidocephalicus and cleidobrachialis

Latissimus dorsi

Trapezius

Rhomboideus

Serratus ventralis

Superficial pectoral

Deep pectoral

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2
Q

Which branch of the axillary nerve has an autonomous zone around the shoulder?

A

Cranial lateral cutaneous brachial nerve

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3
Q

Which veins should be identifiable?

A

Axillobrachil

Omobrachial

Cephalic

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4
Q

State the intrisinic muscles of the shoulder

A

Lateral

Supraspinatus

Infraspinatus

Teres minor

Deltoideus

Medial

Teres major

Coracobrachialis

Tensor fascia antebrachii

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5
Q

Name the lateral group of intrinsic muscles of the shoulder

A

Teres minor

Supraspinatus

Infraspinatus

Deltoideus

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6
Q

How many parts does the deltoideus muscle have?

A

2 - acromion and scapular parts

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7
Q

Name the medial group of intrinsic muscles of the shoulder.

A

Coracobrachialis

Teres major

Subscapularis

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8
Q

What are the extensor muscles of the elbow?

A

Triceps brachii

Tensor fascia antebrachii

Anconeus

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9
Q

How many heads does the triceps brachii have? Name them.

A

4: long, lateral, medial and accessory heads

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10
Q

Which muscles are responsible for elbow flexion?

A

Biceps brachii

Brachialis

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11
Q

Which nerve supplies the trapezius, omotransversarius and part of the brachiocephalicus muscles?

A

Accessory nerve

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12
Q

Where does the accessory nerve originate from? What is the reason for this?

A

Accessory nerve originates from the head because it is a cranial nerve (CNXI)

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13
Q

Which of the shoulder and elbow nerves originate from the brachial plexus?

A

Long thoracic nerve

Brachiocephalic nerve

Thoracodorsal nerve

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14
Q

What muscles do the cervical and thoracic spinal nerves supply?

A

Rhomboideus

Parts of serratus ventralis

Parts of brachiocephalicus

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15
Q

What other nerve supplies part of serratus ventralis muscle?

A

Long thoracic nerve

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16
Q

What does the brachiocephalic nerve supply?

A

Parts of brachiocephalicus

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17
Q

The brachiocephalicus muscles are suppled by which two nerves?

A

Brachiocephalicus

Cervical and thoracic spinal nerves

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18
Q

The latissimus dorsi muscle is supplied by which two nerves

A

Caudal pectoral

Thoracodorsal

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19
Q

What muscle does the thoracodorsal nerve innervate?

A

Part of the latissimus dorsi

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20
Q

What nerve is the superficial pectoral supplied by?

A

Cranial pectoral nerve

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21
Q

What muscles does the caudal pectoral nerve innervate?

A

Deep pectoral

Part of latissimus dorsi

22
Q

Which spinal nerves comprise the brachial plexus?

A

C6,C7,C8,T1,T2

With some input from C5

23
Q

What are the nerves arising from the brachial plexus?

A

Brachiocephalic

Suprascapular

Radial

Subscapula

Thoracodorsal

Musculocutaneous

Median

Cranial pectoral

Ulnar

Axillary

Caudal pectoral

24
Q

What nerve is the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles innervated by?

A

Suprascapular nerve

25
Q

What muscle does the subscapularis nerve innervate?

A

Subscapularis

26
Q

Which nerve supplies flexors of the shoulder (teres major, teres minor and deltoideus)?

A

Axillary nerve

27
Q

What is the additional role of the axillary nerve aside from innervating the flexors of the shoulder?

A

Sensory innervation to the cranial lateral cutaneous brachial nerve, which supplies the skin

28
Q

Describe the route of the suprascapular nerve.

A

Runs from brachial plexus

Runs cranially around scapula

29
Q

Describe the route of the axillary nerve.

A

Proceeds from the brachial plexus

Runs caudal to the scapula

30
Q

Describe the route and innervation of the musculocutaneous nerve.

A

Runs medially down brachium from brachial plexus

Supplies coracobrachialis, brachialis and biceps brachii

Proceeds as small sensory nerve innervating craniomedial antebrachium

Communicates with median nerve in distal brachium

31
Q

Describe the route and innervation of the suprascapular nerve.

A

Proceeds cranially around scapula from brachial plexus

Innervates supraspinatus and infraspinatus

32
Q

Describe the route and innervation of the axillary nerve.

A

Runs caudal to the shoulder joint from the brachial plexus

Supplies shoulder flexors (teres major and minor, and deltoideus)

Provides sensory innervation to cranial lateral cutaneous brachial nerve

33
Q

Which is the largest nerve of the brachial plexus?

A

Radial nerve

34
Q

State the muscles that the radial nerve supplies?

A

All extensor muscles of the elbow, carpus and digits

Supplies supinator and abductor pollicis longus

35
Q

Where is the innervation by the median nerve found within the forelimb? What muscles are supplied?

A

Located distal to the elbow

Supplies pronator teres, pronator quadratus, flexor carpi radialis, superficial digital flexor, radial and part of humerall heads of deep digital flexor muscles

Sensory to palmer aspect of paw

36
Q

What muscles does the ulnar nerve provide innervation to?

A

Innervates flexor carpi radialis, ulnar and parts of humeral head of deep digital flexor

Distal to carpus, this provides branches to interosseus muscles of paw

Sensory for lateral aspect of paw

37
Q

What are the different regions of the main artery of the forelimb?

A

Axillary

Brachial

Median (in antebrachium)

38
Q

What is the name of the final branch of the brachial artery?

A

Common interosseus artery

39
Q

From the common interosseus artery, name the other arterial components supplying the majority of blood to the foot.

A

Caudal interosseus + main continuation of median artery supply much of the blood flow to the foot

40
Q

What form do blood vessels in the foot take?

A

Superficial and deep palmer arteries

Superficial and deep dorsal arteries

41
Q

What different sets of veins are there?

A

Superficial and deep

42
Q

Describe the routes of the deep and superficial veins of the forelimb.

A

Deep - follow course of the arteries of the forelimb

Superficial - run just beneath the skin -> thermoregulation

43
Q

Describe the route of the main vein.

A

Cephalic vein runs up cranial aspect of limb

Proximally it runs deep to brachiocephalics

Joins jugular vein

44
Q

Which veins does the axillobrachial vein run between at the shoulder?

A

Between the cephalic and axillary veins at the shoulder

45
Q

Which vein runs from the axillobrachial to the cephalic vein?

A

Omobrachial vein

46
Q

Identify the dorsolateral antebrachial muscles.

A

Extensor carpi radialis

Common digital extensor

Lateral digital extensor

Ulnaris lateralis

Abductor pollicis longus

Extensor pollicis longus et indicis proprius

47
Q

Identify the caudomedial antebrachial muscles.

A

Flexor carpi radialis

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Superficial digital flexor

Deep digital flexor

48
Q

How many heads does flexor carpi ulnaris have?

A

2 heads: small ulnar head

large humeral head

49
Q

How many heads does the deep digital flexor muscle have?

A

3 heads: largest humeral (composed of 3 bellies)

Smallest radial head

Intermediate ulnar head

50
Q
A

NSF (10 decks)

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