Foreign Policy Flashcards
Northwest Ordinance 1787
Established the precedent for the admission of new states to the west
Neutrality Proclamation 1793
The declaring of the U.S staying neutral in the French Revolution. Allowed neutral trading amongst them
Citizen Genet Affair 1794
Genet came to promote Americans for the French Revolution and endangered the Americans from breaking their neutrality agreement
Jay’s Treaty 1795
Withdrew British troops, gained limited rights to trade with Britain, however America had to pay wartime debts to Britain
Pinckney’s Treaty 1795
Established intentions of friendship with U.S and Spain, defining boundaries of Spanish colonies, and U.S navigation rights in the Mississippi river
Washington’s Farewell Address 1796
Discussed neutrality as a great importance, and how political parties will break the nation apart
Quasi-War 1798
Fought in seas between USA and French Republic after French attacked neutral ships
Tripolitan (Barbary) War 1801-1805
First Barbary War between USA and 4 North African states after the seizing of American ships
Louisiana Purchase 1803
530 million acres of land purchased from France for $15 million by Thomas Jefferson
Embargo Act 1807
All exports from US illegal to force Britain and France to respect American rights during the Napoleonic Wars
Macon’s Bill #2
Intended to stop Great Britain and France from seizing American vessels during the Napoleonic Wars
Battle of Tippecanoe 1811
War between US and Native Americans that opposed US expansion in Native territory. US won.
War of 1812
War between US and Great Britain over impressment and trade restrictions
Rush-Bagot Treaty 1817
Treaty between US and Great Britain to demilitarize lakes along international boundary
Adams-Onis Treaty (Florida Purchase Treaty) 1819
A treaty between US and Spain that ceded Florida to US and defined new boundaries between US and New Spain
Missouri Compromise 1820
Regulated slavery by prohibiting practice north of 36:30 north
“Manifest Destiny”
The attitude that American expansion was destined to expand to the coast
Monroe Doctrine 1823
State that further efforts by European nations to colonize North America would be viewed as aggression against the U.S
Indian Removal Act 1830
Allowed Jackson to negotiate with southern Indian tribes for their removal to territory west of the Mississippi River
Oregon Treaty 1846
Brought an end to the Oregon boundary dispute
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 1848
The peace treaty between the United States and Maxico that ended the Mexican-American war
Compromise of 1850
Defused a four-year political confrontation between slave and free states after territories from the Mexican-American War were acquired
Ostend Manifesto 1852
Described the reasons for US to purchase Cuba from Spain
Gadsden Purchase 1853
Region of Arizona and New Mexico that was purchased by the United States
Gunboat Diplomacy 1854
Pursuit of foreign policy objectives with the aid of powerful displays of naval power
Seward’s Folly 1867
US acquisition of Alash from the Russian Empire
Frederick Jackson Turner’s “Frontier Thesis”
Emphasized the importance of the frontier emphasizing America’s character
“Remember the Maine” 1898
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Spanish-American War
A conflict between Spain and the United States after the sinking of the USS Maine
Teller Amendment 1898
Placed a condition on the US military’s presence in Cuba
“Open Door Policy” 1899
Proposed to keep China open to trade with all countries on an equal basis
“White Man’s Burden”
A rhetorical command to white men to colonize and rule other nations for the benefit of those people
Platte Amendment 1901
Stipulated conditions for the withdrawal of US troops remaining in Cuba at the end of the Spanish-American War
Roosevelt Corollary 1904
States that the US will intervene in conflicts between European countries and Latin American countries to enforce claims of European powers
Panama Canal
Connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean
Russo-Japanese Treaty 1905
Ended the Russo-Japanese War
“Dollar Diplomacy” 1909
Further aim in other countries through use of its economic power by guaranteeing loans to foreign countries
“Moral Diplomacy” 1912
System where support is only given to countries whose moral beliefs match that of the nation
Pancho Villa Expedition 1916
A military operation conducted by the US against forces of Francisco Villa during the Mexican Revolution
Fourteen Points Address 1918
Statement of principles for world peace used for peace negotiations in order to end WW1
Washington Disarmament Conference 1921
A military conference regarding interests in the Pacific Ocean and East Asia
Kellogg-Briand Pact 1928
An international agreement in which signatory states promised not to use war to resolve disputes or conflicts
“Good Neighbor Policy” 1933
A policy of non-intervention and non-interference in the domestic affairs of Latin America
Neutrality Acts 1935 & 1937
US stayed neutral in response to the growing turmoil in Europe and Asia that eventually led to WWII
Neutrality Act 1939
Stayed isolated from the German invasion and the turmoil in Europe
“Destroyers for Bases” 1940
50 US Navy Destroyers were transferred to the Royal Navy in exchange for land rights on British possessions
Lend-Lease 1941
A program under which the US supplied Allied nations with food, oil, and material between 1941 and 1945
Pearl Harbor 1941
A surprise military strike by the Japanese, leading to US entry in WWII
D-Day 1944
The day the Allied powers crossed the English Channel and landed on the beaches of Normandy, France to begin liberation of Western Europe from Nazi control
Hiroshima and Nagasaki 1945
The dropping of nuclear weapons onto Japanese cities during the final stage of WWII
Yalta Conference 1945
WWII meeting of the heads of government of the US to discuss Europe’s post-war reorganization
United Nations 1945
An intergovernmental organization to promote international co-operation
Containment 1947
A military strategy to stop the expansion of an enemy
Truman Doctrine 1947
Give economic aid to European countries to prevent the spread of communism
Marshall Plan 1947
An American initiative to aid Western Europe to rebuild European economies
Berlin Airlift 1948
Americans airlifted supplies to Western Germany after the Soviet Union blockaded them
NATO 1949
An intergovernmental military alliance based on the North Atlantic Treaty using a system of collective defense
Korean War 1950-1953
US came to South Korea’s aid after an invasion from North Korea
Overthrow of Iran 1953
The American and British overthrow of the monarchical rule of Iran
Hungarian Revolt 1956
A nationwide revolt against the government of Hungary and its Soviet-based policies
Suez Crisis 1956
US and UK withdrew support for the Aswan Dam because of Egyptian overtures towards the Soviet Union
Overthrow of Guatemala 1957
A covert operation carried out by the CIA to depose the democratically elected Guatemalan President and end the Guatemalan Revolution
Eisenhower Doctrine 1957
A Middle Eastern country could request American economic assistance from US military forces if threatened by armed aggression from another state
Brinkmanship
The art/practice of pursuing a dangerous policy to the limits of safety before stopping
Massive Retaliation
A military doctrine and nuclear strategy in which a state commits itself to retaliate in much greater force in the event of an attack
U-2 Incident 1960
When a U-2 spy plane was shot down while in Soviet airspace
Peace Corps 1961
A volunteer program designed to provide technical assistance outside the US to understand American culture and for Americans to understand other cultures
Alliance for Progress 1961-1963
Aimed to establish economic cooperation between the US and Latin America
Bay of Pigs 1961
A failed military invasion of Cuba undertaken by the CIA
Berlin Wall 1961
A barrier that divided West Berlin from East Berlin
Cuban Missile Crisis 1962
A 13-day confrontation between the U.S and the Soviet Union concerning Soviet ballistic missiles deployment in Cuba
Gulf of Tonkin Affair/Resolution 1964
Two separate confrontations involving North Vietnam and the United States
Tet Offensive 1968
A campaign of surprise attacks against military and civilian commands and control centers throughout South Vietnam
My Lai Massacre 1968
Vietnam War mass killing in South Vietnam
Vietnamization 1969
A policy to end the Vietnam War by expanding South Vietnam’s forces and reduce the number of US combat troops
Detente
The easing of strained relations, especially in a political situation
SALT I 1972
Two rounds of bilateral conferences and corresponding international treaties involving the US and USSR on the issue of armament control
War Powers Act 1973
A federal law intended to check the president’s power to commit the US to an armed conflict without the consent of the US congress
Camp David Accords 1979
Frameworks for peace in the middle east
Iran-Hostage Crisis 1979
A diplomatic crisis between Iran and the US where 52 American diplomats and citizens were held in hostage for a year and a half
SDI 1983
A proposed missile defense system inteded to protect the US from strategic nuclear weapons
Iran-Contra Affair
A political scandal in the US where senior administration officials secretly facilitated the sale of arms to Iran
INF Treaty 1987
An agreement between the US and USSR for peace
NAFTA 1994
An agreement signed by Canada, Mexico, and the US to create a trilateral trade bloc
Gulf War 1991
A war waged by coalition forces led by the US against Iraq in response to Iraq’s invasion and annexation of Kuwai
War on Terror 2001
The international military campaign that started after the 9/11 attacks on the US
Afghanistan War 2001-2013
The period where the US invaded Afghanistan after the
Invasion on Iraq 2003
An invasion where US, UK, Australia, Spain, and Poland invaded Iraq and deposed of Saddam Hussein’s government
