Foreign Policy 1529 - 47 Flashcards
What was Foreign Policy like in the Final years (1529-47) ?
Henrys FP marked a distinct contrast w experiences of the previous decade. The 1530 focused on maximisation and minimizing any responses from foreign countries in Europe due to Break w Rome whereas in the 1540s he returned to personal aggressive foreign policy w attacks on both Scotland + France.
Explain Henrys Foreign Policy relations in Ireland + the 1534 + 1539 rebellions
The 1534 rebellion as caused as Henry relied o the relationship w Kildare and it broke down and without this henry could get nothing done + it was virtually impossible for Henry to control Ireland and kiladars dismissal led to rebellion by his son Thomas Fitzgerald which Henry ruthlessly crushed + then declared himself kin of Ireland however his attempt to refashion irish government and bring it under English control failed miserably only draining crown resources.
The 1539 Rebellion was done by 2 nobles/Gaelic lords Col O’Neil and Magnus O’Donnell who invaded the pale in 1539, the English regained control eventually + attempted to pacify Ireland by establishing a separate kingdom in 1541 imposing English law but gov lacked resources to follow through on reform
Overall Henry failed to establish any real control o ver Ireland i anything other than name.
Explain henrys Foreign Policy Relations w France in the Final Years
Henry wantedx to stake territorial claims so he could acquire glory/prestige, assert his right to the French pension an d join Charles who was attacking Paris.
Treaty of 1543
Charles + Henry agreed to mount a joint attack on Paris and due to Henry’s desperate nature toward military glory he committed himself which would prove unsuccessful as the English army confined itself to the Calais besieging Montreuil unsuccessfully but capturing Bo lounge. By this time the Empower had enough of the conflict + made a separate alliance w France first.
Matters got worse when;
Francis sent troops to Scotland to reinforce possible invasion of England using Scottish boarder
The English were defeated at the Battle of Ancrum Moore
A separate French force landed in the Island of white
Henrys flagship the Mary Rose sank
But an invasion of england was never materialized + both sides sued for peace unable to afford continuing conflict which resulted in the Treaty Of Andres in 1546 between France + England.
Explain henrys Foreign Policy relations w Scotland in The Final years
The English invasion of Scotland in 1542 was met ith immediate military success. The scots were forced into military action by being faced w demands they couldn’t possible have met, a result they were heavily defeated at the Battle of Solway Moss
James V died shortly after hearing news of defeat leaving his infant daughter Mary queen of scotts meaning the Scottish position seemed helpless. Henry could have certainly launched a full blown invasion of Scotland whereby it would have been virtually impossible for scots to defend however hs interest was w France and did not. Henry sought to Marry Prince Edward tol Mary + for a time was supported by the Scottish happily however they refused to allow Mary t be brought up in en gland even though they were already formally betrothed according to te terms pf the Treaty of Greenwich of 1543 however Scottish parliament refused to ratify the treaty.
Henry was criticized for his failure in Scottish policy + neglected the opportunity to secure his policy by military force when hne had the opportunity to in 1542
To what extent was Foreign Policy in the final years a success?
During the final tears Henry;
Got married(final marriage) to Catherine Parr
Successfully controlled the factions at court preventing Catherine from the conservative faction
Military success in France + Scotland:
His attack on France in 1544 he did successfully capture Bolonuge and managed to negotiate re-establishment of the French pension and claimed bolonue for a period of 8 years before giving it back - however spent a lot of crown money + resources however did also reclaim some too
Henry was everything a king should have been - military glory and bravery and thus could lead England through war, but regardless f if people loathed his policies he was magnificent in personal appearances. He gained power success and proved England to be a force to be reckoned with throughout Europe. He also successfully neutralized the scttish threat through the Battle of the Spurs. So although some of his victories were overestimated and limited the final years certainly werent a compete failure.
