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nixon > foreign policy > Flashcards

foreign policy Flashcards

1
Q

weaknesses of veitnamisation

A
  • had a practice of not helping them
  • 1971 had huge amount of air support but were unsuccessful in Lam Som 719
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2
Q

4 factors for why Nixon withdrew America from Vietnam

A
  • tet offensive showed him only Vietnamese fighting for themselves would win
  • sino-soviet relations decreased communist threat
  • ‘the greatest honour history can bestow is title of peacemaker’
  • didn’t want Vietnam to ruin his presidency like it had Johnsons (was so unpopular with the country)
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3
Q

3 methods Nixon used to seek peace with honour

A

Vietnamisation

getting ussr and china to press north Vietnam to agree to peace

military pressure to force NV to agree

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4
Q

who was his national security advisor

A

Kissinger

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5
Q

when did Nixon bomb Ho Chi Minh trail to server communist supply lines

A

1969

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6
Q

why did Nixon exclude Thieu from peace talks

A

so he could make concessions and drop Johnsons demand that NV troops leave SV before US troops

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7
Q

in June 1969 Nixon announced withdrawal of how many US troops

A

25,000

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8
Q

what percentage of Americans approved of Cambodian offensive

A

50%

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9
Q

what did Nixon do in 1970 that was controversial

A
  • carpet bombed NV bases, Ho Chi Minh trail and Cambodia
  • sent 30,000 US and SV troops into Cambodia (achieved little but protests)
    congress threatened to stop financing war
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10
Q

Kent State Protest - when and what was it

A

May 1970
- rally opposing expanding involvement of war into Cambodia
- Ohio National Guard fired into crowd, killing 4 students

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11
Q

what demonstrated the failure of Vietnamisation in 1971

A

Lam Son Offensive

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12
Q

how many Americans (%) thought it was important for SV not to fall

A

74 %

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13
Q

what did Nixon do to Hanoi and Haiphong in 1972 that nearly made congress pull finance

A

bombed Hanoi (capital) and mined great port Haiphong

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14
Q

how did Nixon drive NV to settlement (choose 4)

A

mad man theory
- bombing, exhaustion, American concessions, Sino-soviet pressure and his likely re election etc

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15
Q

NV conceded that Theiu could stay in power on what condition

A

NV had a say in SV govt

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16
Q

terms of Paris Peace accords

A
  • ceasefire
  • NV forces could stay in SV but cannot fight or increase
  • SV continue to exist with Theiu in power
  • The Committee of National Reconciliation would contain communists
17
Q

what disguised americas retreat

A

heavy bombing

18
Q

when were Paris peace accords signed

A

jan 1973

19
Q

negative of Paris peace accords

A

NV troops still in SV

20
Q

positives of Paris peace accords

A
  • Theiu still in power and SV forces supplied with American equipment
21
Q

policy of realpolitik

A

putting American interests first at the expense of others

22
Q

what happened in 1970 Chile that worried Nixon - what did he instruct CIA to do

A

election of socialist president Allende

  • obstruct govt and possibly remove him
23
Q

how did the CIA help remove Allende (Chile)

A

cut $70 mil aid to Chile
encouraged a military coup in Sept 1973

24
Q

who was brought to power after coup in Chile 1973

A

dictator General Pinochet (condoned by USA)

25
Q

what did Kissinger tell Nixon about the CIA’s involvement in Chile

A

didn’t do it but ‘created conditions’ for it to take place

26
Q

Kissingers beliefs on foreign policy - what did he criticise previous leaders of doing

A
  • felt US power was being wasted on helping weak regimes such as SV and SK.

he preferred directly negotiating with powers such as China and USSR

  • if justice and rights were ignored USA would be on top
27
Q

when did Nixon visit USSR

A

may 1972 - signed agreements that limited nuclear weapons

28
Q

when did Nixon visit China

A

Feb 1972
- lots of media attention

29
Q

what made Nixon unique to other presidents that had tried to improve relations with USSR and China

A

had the reputation of being a staunch anti- communist and was heavily involved with HUAC

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