Foreign Policy Flashcards
initial foreign policy aims
- Potential Marriage to a foreign monarch
- End the French War as it was expensive and a failure
- Protects England’s borders which were threatened by the Auld Alliance
- Protect and Promote England’s trade
- Promote and protect Protestantism abroad
- Consolidate position and recognition by foreign countries
- Protect her religious settlement
England and France 1559
When liz came to the throne, England was in conflict with France. Not only had this war gone very badly for England with the loss of Calais, but it had also seriously weakened the Crown’s finances. Elizabeth wanted to extricate England from this war and fortunately, neither France nor Spain had the finances to keep up with the war.
what was signed between England and France early on
France did not have the finances to keep up with the war, this led to a peace treaty in April 1559
what was the treaty between England and France immediately liz came to the throne
Treaty of Cateau - Cambresis, 1559.
Terms of the Treaty of Cateau - Cambresis 1559
France would keep Calais for 8 years then it would be restored to English control provided England kept the peace. France agreed to abandon support for MQS’s claim to the English Throne, if France failed to return calais they would pay a sum of 500,000 crowns to England (£125,000)
what caused Elizabeth to intervene in Scotland
Francis II succeeded the throne wife was MQS, Elizabeth’s cousin and the main catholic claimant to the English Throne. Francis’s accession brought the strongly catholic guise faction to power in France, and they sought to use Scotland as an instrument of French policy.
What did France do to alarm the Scottish protesters?
French troops were sent to garrison major Scottish fortresses, which alarmed John Knox a radical Calvinist leader of the Scottish Reformation. This led to conflict with the protestants in Scotland requesting assistance from their fellow protestants south of the border.
elizabeth’s reaction to Scotland’s plea for help
Elizabeth was cautious about interfering in the domestic affairs of another nation in which subjects were rebelling against sovereign authority and was reluctant to intervene in Scotland.
Cecil’s reaction to Scotland’s plea for help
Cecil on the other hand strongly supported intervention. He sympathised with the religious predicament of Scottish protestants and knew that England would be more secure without a French force north of the border. He sought the removal of MQS which would weaken her influence as a potential catholic claimant to the English Throne and wanted to incorporate Scotland with a British state, which he considered necessary for the survival of Protestant England.
what did Cecil do to force Elizabeth to intervene in Scotland
He threatened her with his resignation if Elizabeth failed to support him, intervention in Scotland is a clear illustration of the way in which decision-making in F.P. could be influenced by religious considerations and a key individual.
actual intervention in Scotland
Initially, the intervention was limited to money and arms, towards the end of 1559, the navy was sent to stop French reinforcements from landing. There were also offered additional support in the 1560 treaty of Berwick and in March an army was sent North
treaties signed due to intervention in Scotland
There were also offered additional support in the 1560 treaty of Berwick and in March an army was sent North, which led to a forced French withdrawal.
Cecil was able to secure favourable turns in the Treaty of Edinburgh in 1560 July - which made France remove troops from Scotland.
outcome of intervention in scotland
Resolved without war against France
Elizabeth was seen as the protector of Protestants
Showed that Relion and Domestic Policy were intertwined with succession
Success of intervention in Scotland was attributed to cecil
why did Elizabeth intervene in France in 1562
Wars of Religion broke out between Catholics and Huguenots in 1562.
who persuaded Elizabeth to intervene in France and why
Robert Dudley persuaded Elizabeth to put military pressure on the French Crown when it was in a relatively weak state so as to ensure the return of Calais.
treaty’s signed with France - 1560s
Treaty of Hampton Court - Elizabeth promised the Huguenot leader, Prince of Conde 6000 men and a loan of £30,000 with the control of the port of Le Haurve as security
The English were forced to seek an unfavourable peace settlement in the Treaty of Troye in 1564. This repealed the treaty of chateau cambresis, by which the loss of calais became permanent.
what did Elizabeth promise the hugenot leader
Elizabeth promised the Huguenot leader, Prince of Conde 6000 men and a loan of £30,000 with the control of the port of Le Haurve as security under the Treaty of Hampton Court
outcome of intervention in france 1562
Conde was defeated and captured and peace in France was restored, they drove the English out of Le Harve but Liz refused to hand Le Harve back. La Harve was captured by the French after a siege and the English was expelled. The English were forced to seek an unfavourable peace settlement in the Treaty of Troye in 1564. This repealed the treaty of chateau cambresis, by which the loss of calais became permanent.
how can the loss of Calais be argued to be a good thing
In the long run, the loss of Calais might have proved an advantage - Calais was expensive to maintain, and the blow to Elizabeth’s prestige was significant as a result she became much more cautious about supporting protestants in Europe.