Foreign Polcy Flashcards
_______was the policy designed to keep the Soviet Union from expanding its powers
Containment
The US tries to help other nations settle disputes and has also supplied ______ to at-rish countries
economic aid
Until the 1800s, American foreign policy was based on ______
isolationism
In 1823, President James Monroe announced a new foreign policy known as the ________
Monroe Doctrine
______ means protection of a nation’s borders and territories against invasion or control by foreign powers
National Security
______ is the avoidance of involvement in the world’s affairs
Isolationism
In 1898, the US fought in the ______
Spanish American War
SInce World War 2, US foreign policy has been based on ________
internationalism
_______ consists of the strategies and goals that guide a nation’s relations with other countries and groups in the world.
Foreign Policy
President Harry Truman announced what later became known as the ______ in a speech in 1947
Truman Doctrine
The ______ provided badly needed economic aid for war-torn Europe
Marshall Plan
The Cold War policy of containment drew the US into the ____ war and the ____ war
Korean and Vietnam
Truman saw the invasion of South Korea as ______ by the Soviet Union and sent American troops there under UN sponsorship
expansionism
In 1990, Iraq’s leader ______ invaded Kuwait threatening the Middle Eastern supplies
Suddam Hussein
During the 1990s, Saddam Hussein kept tensions high by failing to cooperate with _______
UN mandated inspections
Through the 90s, President ______ sent US forces to several places in attempts to maintain political order and protect humanitarian interests
Clinton
In 1994 American troops preserved order in ___ when their president was forced to flee the country
Haiti
In 1992 American troops join a multi-nation force in ____ to protect relief organizations operating during the civil war
Somalia
President ______ quickly announced that a war on terrorism would become the focus of his administration
George W. Bush
The Bush administration framework states that ____ should replace containment and deterrence as the foundation of American strategy
preemption
______ means that the US will strike first with military force against any terrorist groups or rogue states that might threaten the nation with weapons of mass destruction
Preemption
In December 2003, _____ would be captured
Saddam Hussein
The Framers of the Constitution attempts to divide the responsibility for foreign affairs between the ____ and _____
President
Congress
The president derives power to formulate foreign policy from 2 sources:
- The Constitution lists certain presidential powers related to foreign policy
- As the head of the world’s superpower, the president functions as an important world leader
_____ grants the president certain diplomatic powers
Article 2, Section 2
The principal goal of American foreign policy is to _____
preserve the security of the United States
As a result of the Spanish-American War, the US aquired the ____, _____, and ____.
Philippines Islands
Guam
Puerto Rico
The United States was now a major power in the ____ as well as the ___ region and ____
Caribbean
Pacific
East Asia
Between 1945 and 1949, the ____ established control over the governments of Eastern European countries.
Soviet Union
In 1949. Chinese Communists seized control of ____
China
The Cold War was a war of ____ rather than a shooting war
ideologies
Cold War tensions and fears also led to an _____
arms race
In 1989 the ______ dividing Communist East Germany from the democratic West Germany was torn down by demonstrators
Berlin Wall
The FBI and Intelligence sources identified the attack as the work of ______, a global network of Islamic terrorists whose leaders were based in Afganistan
Al- Qaeda
President Bush applied preemption in March 2003 when the US and a coalition of others removed the government of _______
Saddam Hussein
The constitution grants the president the power to be the _____ of the nation’s military forces
commander-in-chief
The president appoints ____, who represent the nation in diplomatic matters
ambassadors
Formal recognition of a government is vital because it qualifies that government to receive ______
economic and other forms of aid
_____gives the president the power to make treaties
Article 2, Section 2
A ____ is a formal agreement between the governments of two or more nations
treaty
The _____ has the final responsibility for establishing foreign policy
president
Two cabinet parties departments make foreign policy a full time concern:
Department of State
Department of Defense
The ____ supervises all the diplomatic activities of the American government
Secretary of State
The ____ supervises the military activities of the United States government
Secretary of Defense
______ was the first woman to be chosen as national security advisor
Doctor Condoleezza Rice
The task of gathering and coordinating this information is primarily the responsibility of the ______
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
The ____ also safeguards top secret information and conducts intelligence operations that the council authorizes
CIA
It is the ____ who determines what policies are to be followed
president
The ____ gives Congress significant foreign policy powers
Constitution
Congress has exercised its right to declare war only __ times in American history
5
The 5 times Congress has declared war were:
War of 1812 1846 against Mexico 1898 against Spain 1917 against Germany 1941 against Japan, Germany, and Italy
Instead of requesting a formal declaration of war, presidents have asked Congress to pass a ______ concerning the use of American troops
joint resolution
Congress passed the ______ in Vietnam to authorize the president “ to take all necessary measures to repel any armed attack against the forces of the US
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
Congress tried to check the president’s power to send troops into combat by passing the _______
War Powers Act of 1973
The president may make treaties with foreign governments, but ___ vote of the Senate must ratify them
2/3
_____ are pacts between the president and the head of a foreign government that have a legal status of treaties but do not require Senate approval
Executive agreements
President’s advantages over Congress:
- only the president or a chosen spokesperson may speak for the nation in dealings with other governments
- the president controls those agencies that help formulate and carry out foreign policy on a day-to-day basis like the Dept. of State and National Security Council
- president is able to take quick and decisive action
- president can bypass Senate when making agreements with other nations by using executive agreements
The ____ is the largest of all executive departments both in terms of money spent and people employed
Department of Defense (DOD)
Created by Congress in 1789, the ____ was the first executive department
Department of State
The Department of State was originally known as the ______
Department of Foreign Affairs
The _____ is the smallest cabinet-level department in terms of employees, yet they carry out foreign policy
Department of State
Ranking just below the president and the vice president, the _____ is generally considered to be the most important member of the cabinet
Secretary of State
The Secretary of State is __ in line for presidential succession
4th
The current Secretary of State is ____
John Kerry
Department of State carries out 4 important functions:
- keep the president informed about international issues
- maintain diplomatic relations with foreign governments
- negotiate treaties with foreign governments
- protects the interests of Americans who are traveling or conducting business abroad
The _____ declared that the president could not send troops into combat for more than 60 days without the consent of Congress
War Powers Act of 1973
_____ normally spend several years abroad in a diplomartic post
Foreign Service Officers (FSOs)
FSOs are usually assigned to an American ____ or an American ____
embassy
consulate
THe primary functions of an ____ is to make diplomatic communication between governments easier
embassies
An ____ heads each American embassy. He/She must be appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate
ambassador
The ___ help resolve disputes that arise between the host country and the US
specialist
Officials who are assigned to serve abroad in foreign countries belong to the _____
Foreign Service
A ____ is a special document issued by government of the country that a person wishes to enter
visa
Before 1947 the ____ and the ___ were responsible for the nation’s defense
Department of War
Navy
____ function primarily to promote American business interests in foreign countries and to serve and safeguard American travelers in the countries where they are located. The leader of these establishments is called a _____
consulates
consul
The DOD is headquartered in the ____
Pentagon
Under the jurisdiction of the Navy, the ____ maintains its own leadership, identity, and traditions
US Marine Corps
After WW2, the _____ was founded and 2 years later became the _____
National Security Establishment
Dept. of Defense
The US has 2 ways of staffing its armed forces:
- Conscription
2. Volunteers
The ____ would be founded in 1949 as a mutual defense alliance
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
In 1948 the US signed a treaty establishing the ____ which is primarily concerned with promoting economic development in America
Organization of American States (OAS)
______ are the international agreements signed by several nations
multilateral treaties
A ____ is an agreement between 2 nations
bilateral
____ is a system by which the participating nations agree to take joint action against a nation that attacks any one of them
Collective security
Today, the _____ administered American programs of economic aid
Agency for International Development (AID)
One way of withdrawing benefits is by applying ______
sanctions
The ____ is appointed by the president for a 2 year term
Chairman
_____ are measures such as withholding loans, arms, or economic aid to force a foreign government to cease certain activities
Sanctions
