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Gross Anatomy > Foreamen of the Skull & Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Foreamen of the Skull & Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

Which CN innervates the cribriform plate of ethmoid?

A

CN I (olfactory)

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2
Q

Which CN innervates the optic canal?

A

CN II (optic)

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3
Q

Which CN innervates the superior orbital fissue? (runs through the orbit from anterior view)

A

CN III,IV,V1,VI
(Oculomotor
Trochlear
Ophthalmic division
Abducent)

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4
Q

Which CN innervates the foramen rotundum?

A

CN V2
(Maxillary division)

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5
Q

With foramen does the middle meningeal artery exit from?

A

Foramen spinosum

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6
Q

Which CN innervates the foramen ovale?

A

CN V3 (Mandibular division)

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7
Q

Which CN innervates the stylomastoid foreman?

A

CN VII (Facial)

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8
Q

Which CN innervates the internal acoustic meatus?

A

CN VII & VIII
(Facial & Vestibullochular)

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9
Q

Which CN innervates the jugular foreman?

A

CN IX,X,XII
(Glossopharyngeal)
Vagus
Spinal Accessory)

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10
Q

Which CN innervates the hypoglossal canal?

A

CN XII (Hypoglossal)

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11
Q

What vein exits through the jugular foramen?

A

Internal Jugular Vein

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12
Q

CN I (olfactory) sensory or motor?

A

sensory

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13
Q

CN II (Optic) sensory or motor?

A

Sensory

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14
Q

CN III (Oculomotor) sensory or motor?

A

Motor

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15
Q

CN IV (Trochlear) sensory or motor?

A

Motor

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16
Q

CN V (Trigeminal) sensory or motor?

A

Both

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17
Q

CN VI (Abducens) sensory or motor?

A

Motor

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18
Q

CN VII (Facial) sensory or motor?

A

Mixed

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19
Q

CN VIII (Vestibulocochlear) sensory or motor?

A

sensory

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20
Q

CN IX (glossopharyngeal) sensory or motor?

A

both

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21
Q

CN X (Vagus) sensory or motor?

A

Both

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22
Q

CN XI (Spinal accessary) sensory or motor?

A

Motor

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23
Q

CN XII (hypoglossal) sensory or motor?

A

Motor

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24
Q

Ansa Cervicales (C1, C2, C3) is sensory or motor?

A

Motor

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25
Q

What 3 muscles elevates the jaw?

A

Temporaries
Massater
Medial pterygoid

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26
Q

What muscles depresses the jaws?

A

Later pterygoid muscle

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27
Q

Frontal notch and supraorbital notch transmits branches of which nerve?

A

Frontal nerve

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28
Q

Infraorbital foramen transmits what nerve?

A

Infraorbital nerve

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29
Q

Cricoid cartilage lies beneath what?

A

Thyroid cartilage

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30
Q

The skull sits on top of what?

A

Atlas (C1)

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31
Q

What part of the occipital bone articulates with atlas?

A

Occipital condyle

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32
Q

All sinuses communicate with what passages?

A

Nasal passages

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33
Q

What’s the clinical importance of the pterion?

A

All sutural lines meet here, where depressed fractures can happen

Deep to this area = middle meningeal artery

Depressed fractures can dissect the middle meningeal artery

34
Q

Styloid process and mastoid process are both part of what bone?

A

Temporal bone

35
Q

What part of the temporal bone does the external acoustic meatus open?

A

Petrous part

36
Q

How to fix a dislocated temporomandibular joint?

A

Depress the mandible (one thumb on each side of the molars); depress to relocate

37
Q

What goes through the transverse foramen?

A

Vertebral artery

38
Q

Articular facets - articulate with occipital condyle and allows for what movement?

A

Elevation and depression of head “nodding”

39
Q

What are the two blood supplies to the brain?

A

Vertebral artery and internal carotid artery

40
Q

Vertebral artery, with the spinal cord enters which foramen?

A

Foramen magnum

41
Q

Hyaline cartilage is on all _____ articular surfaces

42
Q

What is the atlantoaxial joint important for?

A

Rotation of the head

43
Q

What is the BIFID spinous process, and what does it do?

A

Bifurcated spinous process
Accommodates muscles in the cervical spine

44
Q

Bone absorbs more energy than air and ____ X-rays from exposing the film

45
Q

In an X-ray, the film, or detector is “_____”

A

the area being exposed to X rays

46
Q

Bone is more ___ than soft tissue. Soft tissue is more ___than air

A

Dense, dense

47
Q

Muscles and fat are medium density, so depending on their thickness, what color would they appear as?

A

Shades of gray

48
Q

What does the mylohyoid form?

A

The floor of the mouth

49
Q

What are the suprahyoid muscles?

A

Stylohyoid
Digastric bellies
Mylohyoid

50
Q

What are the infrahyoid muscles?
Omohyoid

A

From outside —> in
Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
Thyrohyoid

51
Q

_____ keep the diaphragm alive; form phrenic nerve that innervates the diaphragm

A

C3, C4, C5

52
Q

Infrahyoid muscles are innervated by branches of what?

A

Ansa cervicalis

53
Q

Carotid sheath contains what three things?

A

Internal carotid artery
internal jugular vein
vagus nerve

54
Q

How do the sympathetics get into the cranium?

A

Sympathetic trunk (plexus around internal carotid)

55
Q

Parasympathetics travel on which cranial nerves?

A

3, 7, 9, 10

56
Q

Phrenic nerve runs alongside which muscle?

A

Anterior scalene muscle

57
Q

What happens if a surgeon operating in the cervical region nicks the phrenic nerve?

A

Flaccid diaphragm, but just on one side, so pt has trouble breathing

58
Q

What is the brachial plexus?

A

Bunch of nerves from C5-C7 - that control the arms

59
Q

Recurrent laryngeal branches off of what nerve?

A

Vagus nerve

60
Q

What muscle lies right beneath the skin and is superficial to the sternocleidomastoid?

61
Q

CN XI accessory nerve innervates what two muscles?

A

Trapezius
Sternocleidomastoid

62
Q

Venous drainage of the cranium is predominantly through what?

A

Internal jugular vein

63
Q

What vein drains the face?

A

Facial vein

64
Q

What does the external carotid artery do?

A

Supplies everything external to the skull

65
Q

What other arteries supply blood to the extracranial structures?

A

Superior thyroid artery, lingual artery, facial artery

66
Q

What are the 2 big sphincters in the face

A

Orbicularis oculi (around eye)
Orbicularis oris (around mouth)

67
Q

All muscles of facial expression are innervated by what nerve?

A

Facial nerve, CN 7

68
Q

What are the main smiling muscles?

A

Zygomaticus major, levator anguli oris, orbicularis oculi

69
Q

Where does the zygomaticus minor originate?

A

Zygomatic bone

70
Q

Which muscle lies above the infraorbital foramen?

A

Levator labii superioris

71
Q

What is the frowning muscle?

A

Depressor anguli oris

72
Q

What muscle helps to open the mouth?

A

Depressor labii inferioris

73
Q

Parotid plexus cuts through the center of what gland?

A

Parotid gland

74
Q

What innervates the parotid gland?

A

CN 9 - glossopharyngeal

75
Q

What division of the trigeminal nerve supplies motor innervation the the muscles of mastication?

76
Q

Where does the facial nerve exit?

A

Stylomastoid foramen

77
Q

V1 - ophthalmic division - just sensory. What does it innervate?

A

Surface, orbits/upper half of orbit

78
Q

V2 - maxillary division - sensory or motor?

A

just sensory.

Somatic sensation to the surface and also nasal passages

79
Q

V3 - mandibular division - sensory or motor or both?

A

BOTH
Involved in muscles of mastication
Innervates mandible and all the deep structures, including somatic sensory to the tongue

80
Q

What are the muscles of mastication?

A

Temporalis
Masseter (superficial and deep)
Lateral and medial pterygoids

81
Q

What muscle lowers the jaw?

A

Lateral pterygoid

82
Q

What’s a ganglion?

A

A group of cell bodies on the peripheral nervous system

Gross Anatomy (1 decks)

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