Forces of Attraction Flashcards
what are the 5 main types of bonding?
- covalent bonds
- ionic bonds
- hydrogen bonds
- van der waal forces
- metallic bonds
how is ionic character determined?
this is determined by the difference in electronegativity between the cation and anion in an ionic bond
do metals gain or lose electrons readily?
do non- metals gain or lose electrons readily?
metals lose electrons readily
non-metals gain electrons readily
what are the 2 main types of bonds formed by carbon atoms?
sigma (σ) bonds
pi (π) bonds
how are sigma bonds formed?
these covalent bonds are formed by the end to end overlap of orbitals
how are pi bonds formed?
these covalent bonds are formed by the sideways overlap of two 2p orbitals
what is a co-ordinate (dative covalent) bond?
this is a bond in which a molecule shares its electrons with another molecule without having any electrons shared with them eg. AlCl3 and NH3 (if confused see pg 35)
what is the difference between an intermolecular force and an intramolecular force?
intermolecular forces exist between 2 molecules
intramolecular forces exist within one molecule
what are the 3 main types of intermolecular forces?
permanent dipole-dipole attractions
hydrogen bonds
van der waal forces
where is hydrogen bonding evident?
the structure and properties of ice and water- high melting and boiling points, high surface tension
dimerization of carboxylic acids
hardness of ionic crystals
structure and properties of biological molecules eg. proteins, carbohydrates and nucleic acids
what is the VSEPR theory?
this theory states that electron pairs in the valence shells of atoms will repel one another and try to get as far as possible
what are the 4 main types of crystalline solids?
- giant metallic eg. Na and Cu
- giant molecular or giant covalent eg. SiO2 and diamond
- simple molecular eg. I2 and HCl
- giant ionic eg. NaCl and CaO
please learn to draw the shapes in the VSEPR theory
page 43
what are the 3 main types of intramolecular forces?
covalent, ionic and metallic
