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Forces & Motion Flashcards

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1
Q

How do you know which part of a journey shown on a distance/time graph has the highest speed?

A

steepest line

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2
Q

What is average speed?

A

total distance / whole time of journey

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3
Q

Name a scalar and vector measured in metres.

A

distance, displacement

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4
Q

What is the SI unit for speed?

A

Meters per second (m/s)

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5
Q

What does acceleration mean?

A

change in velocity in time

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6
Q

What is the equation for calculating speed?

A

speed = distance / time

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7
Q

How do we represent forces on diagrams?

A

arrows, with length depending on size of force

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8
Q

In the acceleration equation, what does the ‘u’ stand for?

A

Initial velocity

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9
Q

What does a horizontal line on a distance/time graph show?

A

stationary object

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10
Q

What is the equation for calculating distance?

A

distance = speed x time

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11
Q

Name a scalar and vector measured in m/s.

A

Speed, Velocity

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12
Q

What are the units for acceleration?

A

metres per second squared

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13
Q

How do you work out the gradient of a line on a graph?

A

vertical difference / horizontal difference

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14
Q

What is the unit for speed if the time is measured in hours and the distance is measured in miles?

A

miles per hour

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15
Q

How is a stationary object shown on a distance/time graph?

A

Horizontal line

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16
Q

How fast is your walking speed?

A

typical pace = 3mph / 5 km/h / 1.4m/s

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17
Q

In the acceleration equation, what does the ‘v’ stand for?

A

Final Velocity

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18
Q

What is the speed of the sound of air?

A

approximately 330 m/s

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19
Q

Is mass a vector or scalar?

A

Scalar

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20
Q

Is energy a vector or scalar?

A

Scalar

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21
Q

What is the maximum horizontal acceleration students are likely to experience in everyday in life?

A

about 1.5 m/s ² average family car

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22
Q

What is force?

A

Push or pull

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23
Q

What is the unit for mass?

A

Kilograms (Kg)

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24
Q

Why is acceleration a vector?

A

it is measuring a change in another vector

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25
Q

How can speed be calculated?

A

From a distance and time

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26
Q

How can you calculate velocity from a distance/time graph?

A

gradient of line

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27
Q

What is the acceleration due to gravity?

A

10m/s ² to 1 S.F. / 9.8m/s ² to 2 S.F.

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28
Q

Runner A finishes a race in less time than Runner B. Who is faster?

A

Runner A

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29
Q

What does a vector have that scalar does not?

A

Direction

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30
Q

What does a vector have that a scalar does not?

A

direction

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31
Q

What is the difference between speed and velocity?

A

Velocity has a direction / is a vector

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32
Q

What is the equation for calculating acceleration?

A

change in velocity (v-u) / time

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33
Q

What two measurements are needed to calculate speed?

A

Distance and Time

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34
Q

How is a comstant speed shown on a distance/time graph?

A

straight, sloping line

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35
Q

What is the unit for speed used on the roads in the UK?

A

Miles per hour (mph)

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36
Q

What is the maximum legal speed for vehicles on UK roads?

A

70 mph / 31m/s

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37
Q

What is the equation for calculating acceleration from velocity and time?

A

Acceleration = change in velocity (v-u) / time

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38
Q

How does the mass of a moving object affect its acceleration?

A

higher mass, lower concentration

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39
Q

Two forces on an object are in opposite directions. How do we calculate the resultant force?

A

Find the difference between them

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40
Q

What is the name for the force of the object that acts in the same way as all the other forces combined?

A

resultant

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41
Q

For the same force, how does reducing the mass of an object affect its acceleration?

A

increases it

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42
Q

How can friction act to make a car slow down?

A

in brakes

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43
Q

How does the velocity affect momentum?

A

higher velocity, higher momentum

44
Q

What does ‘thinking distance’ mean?

A

the distance a car travels while the driver is reacting to a danger and deciding to apply the brakes

45
Q

How does the force needed for an acceleration depend on the size of the acceleration?

A

larger acceleration, larger force needed

46
Q

What word describes both the speed and direction of a movement of an object?

A

velocity

47
Q

What does ‘momentum is conserved’ mean?

A

Total momentum is the same before and after a collision

48
Q

How does the mass affect momentum?

A

higher mass, higher momentum

49
Q

When will a resultant force act to slow down a car?

A

When backward forces are greater than forward ones

50
Q

What factors affect the momentum of a moving object?

A

mass, velocity

51
Q

An object has a negative acceleration. What does this mean?

A

It is slowing down

52
Q

An aeroplane has thrust of 2000 N and a drag of 1800 N. What is the resultant?

A

200 N forwards to

53
Q

What provides the centripetal force for a car going around a roundabout?

A

Friction

54
Q

For the same mass, how does increasing the mass affect the acceleration?

A

Increases it

55
Q

Name two quantities that are vector.

A

force, velocity, acceleration, displacement, weight, momentum

56
Q

What are the forces on the moon orbiting around a planet?

A

Gravity acting towards the planet

57
Q

What does ‘braking distance’ mean?

A

The distance a car travels while slowing down

58
Q

What is the force that pulls us towards the Earth?

A

Gravity

59
Q

Give two examples of scalar quantities.

A

Speed, mass, distance, energy

60
Q

What happens when there is a result force in the opposite direction to the movement of an object?

A

It will decelerate / slow down

61
Q

I’m which direction does centripetal force act?

A

Towards the centre of the circle

62
Q

How does speed affect the braking distance

A

Higher speed, longer braking distance / braking distance directly proportional to speed squared

63
Q

What force stops your foot slipping on the ground when you walk?

A

Friction

64
Q

Name a vector quantity that changes as as a car drives at a constant speed around a roundabout.

A

Velocity

65
Q

What is the name of the force that makes objects move in a circular path?

A

Centripetal force

66
Q

Two forces on an object are in the same direction. How do we calculate the resultant force?

A

Add

67
Q

What is the direction of the resultant force on a bycicle that is slowing down?

A

Backwards

68
Q

How can the pilot of an aeroplane make the plane gain speed upwards?

A

Increase the lift / upwards force

69
Q

An object is moving at a constant velocity. What can you say about the forces on it?

A

Balanced

70
Q

What is the direction of the resultant force on a car speeding up?

A

Forwards

71
Q

What factors affect the momentum of a moving object?

A

Mass, velocity / speed

72
Q

What are balanced forces?

A

Forces of the same size in opposite directions

73
Q

How will being tired feet reaction time?

A

Slow it down

74
Q

How will being tired affect reaction time?

A

Make it longer

75
Q

How do balanced forward affect the velocity of a moving car?

A

The car continues with the same velocity

76
Q

What is the name for a single force on an object with the same affect as all the forces combined?

A

Resultant

77
Q

What is the name for a single force on an object with the same effect as all the forces combined?

A

Resultant

78
Q

What effect does drinking alcohol have on human reaction times?

A

slows them down/makes them longer

79
Q

Why is the force of gravity greater on a lorry than on a car?

A

Larger mass

80
Q

How does a sideways resultant force affect the velocity of a moving object?

A

Changes its direction

81
Q

Name two vector quantities connected with movement.

A

Velocity, acceleration, displacement, momentum

82
Q

What are the units for force

A

Newtons (N)

83
Q

You pedal faster on a bycicle. What happens?

A

You accelerate / get faster

84
Q

Air resistance on a cyclist is 20 N and friction is 5 N. What is the total force trying to slow the cyclist down?

A

25 N backwards

85
Q

Name one force that actually had to be taken into account when working out the resultant force on a moving object?

A

Drag or friction

86
Q

What is inertial mass?

A

Mass obtained from a force and acceleration / a measure of how difficult it is to change the velocity of an object

87
Q

What does the length of a force arrow on a diagram represent?

A

Size of force

88
Q

What does the length of a force arrow on a diagram represent?

A

Size of force

89
Q

What is the equation relating acceleration, force and mass?

A

F = m x a

90
Q

How does the force applied to an object affect its acceleration?

A

Larger force, larger acceleration

91
Q

What is ‘drag’ another name for?

A

Air resistance or water resistance

92
Q

What is the SI unit for time?

A

Seconds (s)

93
Q

What does ‘conservation’ mean in phrases such as ‘conservation of energy’?

A

Total amount stays the same

94
Q

How does speed affect the thinking distance?

A

Higher speed, longer thinking distance / thinking distance directionally proportional to speed

95
Q

What are unbalanced forces?

A

Forces of different sizes in opposite directions

96
Q

What type of force is used to slow down a moving vehicle?

A

Friction

97
Q

What do we call the forwards force produced by an aeroplane’s engine or propeller?

A

Thrust

98
Q

Name the two factors that affect the acceleration of an object.

A

Force and mass

99
Q

What do you feel if you stretch a spring more and more?

A

Spring pulls back more and more

100
Q

How can friction act to make a car speed up?

A

Between tyres and roads

101
Q

How are the values for a mass and the inertial mass of an object different?

A

They aren’t

102
Q

Name a force that accelerates objects downwards?

A

gravity / weight

103
Q

Why is a wet road mlre slippery than a dry one?

A

Water acts as a lubricant

104
Q

What are the usual units for velocity in physics?

A

meters per second (m/s)

105
Q

Why is the resultant force accelerating a car usually less than the force provided by its engine?

A

Air resistance and / or friction

106
Q

How do we describe the forces on an object when the force in one direction is bigger than the force in the other direction?

A

Unbalanced

Physics (6 decks)

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