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Physics > Forces and Motion > Flashcards

Forces and Motion Flashcards

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1
Q

Definition of vector quantity

A

Magnitude and direction

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2
Q

Definition of scalar quantity

A

Only magnitude

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3
Q

Definition of speed

A

Just how fast you are going

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4
Q

Definition of velocity

A

Speed in a given direction

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5
Q

Walking speed

A

5km/h

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6
Q

Running

A

11km/h

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7
Q

Cycling

A

20km/h

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8
Q

Cars in a built-up area

A

47km/h

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9
Q

Aeroplanes

A

900km/h

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10
Q

Cars on a motorway

A

112km/h

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11
Q

Trains

A

200km/h

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12
Q

Wind speed

A

5 - 20 m/s

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13
Q

Speed of sound in air

A

340m/s

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14
Q

Ferries

A

54 km/h

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15
Q

Definition of acceleration

A

How quickly something is changing speed

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16
Q

Average acceleration formula

A

acceleration = change in velocity / time

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17
Q

Uniform acceleration definition

A

Constant acceleration

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18
Q

Uniform acceleration formula

A

final velocity squared - initial velocity squared = 2 x acceleration x distance

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19
Q

Gradient in distance-time graph

A

Speed

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20
Q

Curves in distance-time graph

A

Acceleration

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21
Q

Gradient in velocity-time graphs

A

Acceleration

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22
Q

Curves in velocity-time graphs

A

Changing acceleration

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23
Q

Area underneath line in velocity-time graph

A

Distance travelled

24
Q

Newton’s First Law

A

A resultant force is needed to change motion of an object

25
Q

5 ways to “accelerate”

A 
Stopping
Starting
Slowing down
Speeding up 
Changing direction
26
Q

Newton’s Second Law

A

The larger the resultant force, the more the object accelerates

27
Q

Formula to remember Newton’s Second Law

A

Force = mass x acceleration

28
Q

Why are large declarations dangerous?

A

Large declarations require a large force (f = m x a)

29
Q

How to decrease force in a crash?

A

Increase time for car to decelerate so less force is required for it to stop

30
Q

Definition of mass

A

Amount of matter an object has

31
Q

Definition of weight

A

Force acting on an object due to gravity

32
Q

Weight of formula

A

Weight = mass x gravitational field strength

33
Q

What does gravitational field strength rely on?

A

Distance from object causing field

Mass of object causing field

34
Q

Centripetal force

A

Force that keeps something moving in a circle

35
Q

Why is a object travelling in a circle constant accelerating?

A

It is always changing direction, so it’s velocity is always changing

36
Q

Newton’s Third Law

A

The forces two objects exert on each other are equal and opposite

37
Q

Inertia definition

A

Tendency for motion to remain unchanged

38
Q

inertial mass

A

measures difficulty for an object to change its velocity

39
Q

intertidal mass formula

A

m = F / a

40
Q

Momentum

A

Tendency for an object to keep moving in the same direction

41
Q

Momentum formula

A

momentum = mass x velocity

42
Q

Conservation of momentum

A

Total momentum before = total momentum after (in a closed system)

43
Q

Stopping distance definition

A

Distance covered between the driver first spotting a hazard and vehicle coming to a complete stop

44
Q

Stopping distance formula

A

Stopping distance = thinking distance + braking distance

45
Q

Factors affecting thinking distance

A
  • reaction time (tiredness, alcohol, drugs, distractions)

- speed

46
Q

Factors affecting braking distance

A
  • speed
  • mass of vehicle
  • conditions of brake
  • friction between tyres and road
47
Q

Thinking distance as speed increases

A

Thinking distance increases at the same rate

48
Q

Braking distance as speed increases

A

Braking distance increases by a square e.g. 2 -> 4, 3 -> 9

49
Q

work down by brakes formula

A

Work done by brakes = 1/2 x mass x speed of car squared

50
Q

Energy in car’s kinetic energy store formula

A

1/2 x mass x speed of car squared = braking force x braking distance

51
Q

All energy stores

A 
Kinetic
Thermal
Chemical 
Gravitational potential 
Elastic potential 
Electrostatic 
Magnetic 
Nuclear
52
Q

Factors affecting kinetic energy store

A

Speed

Mass

53
Q

Kinetic energy formula

A

kinetic energy = 0.5 x mass x speed squared

54
Q

Factors affecting gravitational potential energy

A

Height above the mass causing the gravitational field
Mass of the object
Gravitational field strength

55
Q

Gravitational potential energy formula

A

GPE = mass x gravitational field strength x change in vertical height

Physics (7 decks)

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