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Year 11 Additional Physics > Forces and Motion > Flashcards

Forces and Motion Flashcards

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1
Q

What is velocity?

A

Both speed and direction

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2
Q

Speed?

A

How fast you are going

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3
Q

What does the gradient of a distance time graph tell you

A

How fast the object is travelling (speed)

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4
Q

Gradient in (distance time graph)

A

Change in distance divided by the change in time

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5
Q

If the graph is flat it means (distance time graph)

A

Its stationary/ stopped

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6
Q

If the graph is straight (distance time graph)

A

Its travelling at a steady speed, uphill or downhill

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7
Q

The steeper the graph (distance time graph)

A

The faster its going

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8
Q

If the graph is going downhill (distance time graph)

A

Going back towards it s starting point

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9
Q

If the graph curves (distance time graph)

A

Its accelerating or decelerating

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10
Q

A steep curve means (distance time graph)

A

Speeding up (increasing gradient)

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11
Q

Graph is levelling off (distance time graph)

A

Slowing down (decreasing gradient)

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12
Q

Speed from a distance time graph

A

Speed = gradient = vertical 30
————– —– 16.7 m/s
horizontal 50

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13
Q

Acceleration in velocity- time graphs

A

How quickly velocity is changing

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14
Q

How can the velocity be changed

A

Change in SPEED or Change in DIRECTION or BOTH

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15
Q

Formula of acceleration (velocity- time graph)

A

A = Change in velocity
—————————–
Time taken

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16
Q

Gradient (velocity- time graph)

A

Acceleration

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17
Q

Flat sections (velocity- time graph)

A

Steady speed

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18
Q

The steeper the graph (velocity- time graph)

A

The greater the deceleration/ acceleration

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19
Q

Uphill (velocity- time graph)

A

Acceleration

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20
Q

Downhill (velocity- time graph)

A

Deceleration

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21
Q

Curve (velocity- time graph)

A

Changing acceleration

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22
Q

Acceleration (velocity- time graph)

A

A = gradient = vertical change 30
—————————- —— 1.5 m/s2
Horizontal change 20

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23
Q

Finding the distance (velocity- time graph)

A

Velocity x time

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24
Q

Gravitational force

A

Force of attraction between all masses

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25
Q

Masses are

A

Really big e.g. a planet

- Anything near a planet or star is attracted to it very strongly

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26
Q

Gravitational pull of the earth

A

10 N/Kg

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27
Q

Are weight and mass the same

A

No

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28
Q

Mass

A

The amount of ‘stuff’ in an object

- This object will have the same value anywhere in the universe

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29
Q

Weight

A

Caused by the pull of the gravitational force

- Weight of an object is the force of gravity pulling it towards the centre of the earth

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30
Q

A 1 Kg mass will weigh ……. on the moon because

A

Less

because the gravitational force pulling on it is les

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31
Q

Weight is a ….. and is measured in ….

A
  • Force

- Newton’s

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32
Q

Mass is …. and is measured in ….

A
  • Not a force

- Kg or a mass balance

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33
Q

Formula for weight

A

weight = mass x gravitational field strength

34
Q

Gravitational pull of the moon

A

1.6 N/Kg

35
Q

Resultant force

A

Overall force on a point or object/ change in velocity

36
Q

In a situation there are at least ……..

A

Two resultant forces acting on an object along any direction

37
Q

Effect of resultant forces

A
  • They decide the motion of the object

- Whether it will accelerate, decelerate or stay at a steady speed

38
Q

What happens if the forces act along the same line (parallel)

A
  • The overall effect is found by adding or subtracting the forces
39
Q

What is the overall force called

A

The resultant force

40
Q

Force of gravity on the stationary teapot

A

Acting downwards

41
Q

Reaction force on the stationary teapot

A

Pushing up on the object from the surface

42
Q

What would happen if there wasn’t a reaction force

A

It would accelerate downwards, due to the gravitational pull

43
Q

Car has 1000 N of driving force and has to overcome 600 N of air resistance. What is the resultant force? Will the cars velocity change?

A

Resultant force = 400 N

Velocity WILL change, an acceleration

44
Q

If the resultant force on a stationary object is zero

A

The object will remain stationary

45
Q

No resultant force on a moving object

A

It will carry on moving at the same velocity

46
Q

What are the forces on a train or bus when it is moving at a constant velocity

A

Balanced

47
Q

How can you keep going at a steady speed

A

Zero resultant force

48
Q

If there is a non- resultant force

A

Then the object will accelerate in the direction of the force

49
Q

A non- resultant force will always produce

A

Acceleration

50
Q

If there’s an overall force it will always

A

Accelerate

51
Q

You get steady speed when there is

A

Zero resultant force

52
Q

F

A

= resultant force

53
Q

M

A

= Mass

54
Q

A

A

= Acceleration

55
Q

Formula of a resultant force

A

F = M X A

56
Q

Resulting force means

A

Acceleration

57
Q

Reaction forces are

A

Equal and opposite

58
Q

When two objects intereact, what are they forces like

A

They exert on each other and are equal and opposite

59
Q

If skater A pushed skater B she feels (action force)

A

An equal and opposite force from skater B’s hand (reaction force)

60
Q

Both skaters feel the

A

Same sized force, in opposite directions, so they ACCELERATE from each other

61
Q

Friction

A

Slows things down

62
Q

What direction does friction act

A

In the opposite direction to movement

63
Q

To travel at a steady pace the driving force needs to be

A

Balanced

64
Q

When do you get friction

A

When two surfaces are in contact or when an object passes through a fluid (drag)

65
Q

If drag increases

A

The speed increases

66
Q

As speed increases

A

Friction builds up

67
Q

What happens to acceleration as friction builds up?

A

It gradually reduces until the frictional force is equal to the accelerating force

68
Q

Drag is also called

A

Air resistance

69
Q

What happens when an object meets terminal velocity

A

It will fall at a steady speed

70
Q

What is the accelerating object acting on all falling objects

A

Gravity

71
Q

What effects your thinking distance

A
  • How fast you’re going

- How dopey you are (tiredness, alcohol, drugs)

72
Q

What effects your stopping distance

A
  • Spotting the hazard

- Vehicle stopping

73
Q

Stopping distance + Thinking distance =

A

Braking distance

74
Q

The faster you’re going the…

A

Greater your stopping distance

75
Q

What is the braking distance

A

The distance the car travels under the breaking force

76
Q

What effects the braking distance

A
  • How fast your going (further it takes to stop)
  • Quality of the brakes
  • Quality of the tyres ( minimum tread depth of 1.6)
  • Quality of grip (depends road surface, weather, tyres)
77
Q

What happens when you apply force to an elastic object

A

It is stored as elastic potential energy

  • It stretches
  • Change in shape
78
Q

What happens when a spring bounces back

A
  • Elastic potential energy is converted into kinetic energy

- When the force is removed, the object returns back to original shape

79
Q

The extension of the spring is…

A

Directly proportional to the load or force

80
Q

What is extension measured in

A

Metres (m)

81
Q

What is force measured in

A

Newtons per meter (n/m)

82
Q

What is the maximum force that an elastic object can take called

A

Limit of proportionality

Year 11 Additional Physics (2 decks)

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