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forces and motion Flashcards

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1
Q

what do distance-time graphs tell you

A

how far something has travelled

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2
Q

what does the gradient on distance-time graphs tell you

A

the speed of the object (steeper the gradient, the faster the object)

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3
Q

what do the flat sections of a distance-time graphs tell you

A

it is stationary

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4
Q

what does a steeper line on a distance-time graph tell you

A

it’s going faster

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5
Q

what does a curve represent on a distance-time graph

A

acceleration/deceleration

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6
Q

what does a curve getting steeper mean on a distance-time graph

A

it’s speeding up

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7
Q

what does a levelling off curve mean on a distance-time graph

A

it’s slowing down

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8
Q

equation linking average speed, distance and time

A

average speed = distance/time

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9
Q

speed (m/s) =

A

distance (m) / time (s)

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10
Q

practical: investigate motion of everyday objects such as toy cars or tennis balls

A

METHOD 1 - USING A STOPWATCH
1) place a fiducial marker at the bottom of a ramp. with a ruler measure a distance of 50cm from this marker and place a second fiducial marker
2) place the marble at the top of the ramp and release without applying any force
3) using a stopwatch measure the amount of time it takes for the marble to go from marker to marker
4) repeat 3x and release marble from same position each time
5) calculate average time
6) speed = distance/time
7) increase height of ramp by 5cm and repeat steps

METHOD 2 - USING TICKER TAPE
1) place the trolley at the starting position
2) tape the ticker tape to the back of the trolley using masking tape and carefully feed the ticker tape through the timer
3) start the ticker tape time and carefully release the trolley without applying any force
4) the further apart the dots, the faster its travelled
5) repeat 3x and find average

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11
Q

what is the relationship between acceleration, change in velocity and time taken

A

acceleration = change in velocity/time taken

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12
Q

acceleration =

A

change in velocity / time taken

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13
Q

what does the gradient show you on a velocity-time graph

A

acceleration

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14
Q

what do flat sections represent on a velocity-time graph

A

steady speed

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15
Q

what do uphill section ( / ) tell you on a velocity-time graph

A

acceleration

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16
Q

what do downhill sections ( \ ) tell you on a velocity-time graph

A

deceleration

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17
Q

how do you work out the distance travelled from a velocity-time graph

A

area under graph

18
Q

what does a curve mean on a velocity-time graph

A

changing acceleration (increasing/decreasing)

19
Q

how do you determine acceleration from a velocity-time graph

A

use the gradient

rise/run

20
Q

state the equation linking weight, mass and gravitational field strength

A

weight = mass x gravitational field strength

21
Q

weight (N) =

A

mass (kg) x gravitational field strength (N/kg)

22
Q

different types of forces:

A
  • GRAVITY or WEIGHT - acts straight downwards
  • REACTION FORCE - acts perpendicular to a surface and away from it
  • ELECTROSTATIC FORCE between two charged objects
  • THRUST - like push/pull
  • DRAG or AIR RESISTANCE or FRICTION - slowing the thing down
  • LIFT - eg. due to an airplane wing
  • TENSION - in a rope or cable
23
Q

investigate the motion of a toy car on a ramp:

A
  • make sure the car starts from the same spot each time by marking a line on the ramp
  • measure the distance between each light gate
  • let go of the car just before the light gate so it starts to roll down the slope
  • when the car passes through each light gate, a beam of light is broken and a time is recorded by a data logging device
  • repeat 3x and find average
  • speed = distance/time
24
Q

state the equation linking force, mass and acceleration

A

force = mass x acceleration

25
Q

force =

A

mass x acceleration

26
Q

vectors have…

A

direction and magnitude

27
Q

scalars have…

A

magnitude

28
Q

is force a vector or scalar quantity

A

vector

29
Q

examples of vector quantities

A

force, acceleration, velocity, momentum

30
Q

examples of scalar quantities

A

mass, temperature, time, length

31
Q

how do moving objects reach a terminal velocity

A

1) when an object first starts to fall, it has much more force accelerating it than resistance slowing it down
2) as the velocity increases, the resistance increases
3) the resistance gradually reduces the acceleration until the resistance is equal to the acceleration
-> the object can’t accelerate any more and has reacher its terminal velocity

32
Q

what does Hooke’s law say

A

extension is proportional to force

33
Q

extension =

A

new length - original length

34
Q

what is the initial linear region of a force-extension graph associated with

A

Hooke’s law

35
Q

what is elastic behaviour

A

the ability of a material to recover its original shape after the forces causing deformation have been removed

36
Q

investigate how extension varies with applied for force

A

1) measure the length of the spring/elastic band with no mass applied
2) add one mass at a time and allow the spring/elastic band to come to rest, then measure the new length of the spring/elastic band
-> the extension is the change in length from the original length
-> repeat this process until you have enough measurements
3) repeat 3x and find average
4) plot results on graph with force on y-axis and total extension of x-axis

37
Q

investigate how extension varies with applied for force

A

1) measure the length of the spring/elastic band with no mass applied
2) add one mass at a time and allow the spring/elastic band to come to rest, then measure the new length of the spring/elastic band
-> the extension is the change in length from the original length
-> repeat this process until you have enough measurements
3) repeat 3x and find average
4) plot results on graph with force on y-axis and total extension of x-axis

38
Q

when does Hooke’s law stop working and how is this shown on a graph

A

stops working when force is great enough

shown when the graph starts to curve

39
Q

stopping distance =

A

thinking distance + breaking distance

40
Q

factors affecting thinking distance

A

speed, reaction time

41
Q

factors affecting braking distance

A

speed, mass of vehicle, quality of brakes, grip on road

42
Q

factors affecting stopping distance

A

speed, mass, road condition, reaction time

physics (8 decks)

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