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Physics IGCSE > Forces and Motion > Flashcards

Forces and Motion Flashcards

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1
Q

force

A

the action of one body on a second body

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2
Q

air resistance

A

friction acting on an object moving through air

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3
Q

friction

A

the force that acts when two surfaces rub over one another

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4
Q

drag

A

friction that acts on an object as it moves through a fluid

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5
Q

gravity

A

the force that exists between any two objects with mass

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6
Q

terminal velocity

A

the greatest velocity reached by an object when moving through a fluid

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7
Q

gravitational field formula

A

weight/mass

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8
Q

equation connecting force, mass and acceleration

A

force = mass x acceleration

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9
Q

momentum formula

A

momentum = mass x velocity

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10
Q

impulse formula

A

force x time for which the force acts

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11
Q

resultant force formula

A

change in momentum/time

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12
Q

impulse

A

the change in an objects momentum

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13
Q

resultant force

A

the sum of all forces acting on an object

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14
Q

turning effect

A

when a force causes an object to rotate if there were no resistive forces

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15
Q

pivot

A

the fixed point about which a lever turns

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16
Q

moment

A

the turning effect of a force about a pivot

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17
Q

moment formula

A

force x perpendicular distance

18
Q

When is an object in equilibrium

A

forces are balanced, turning effects must also be balanced

19
Q

equilibrium

A

when no net force or net moment act on a body

20
Q

principle of moments

A

when an object is in equilibrium the sum of the anticlockwise moments is equal to the sum of clockwise moments about the same point

21
Q

centre of gravity

A

when all the mass of an object is said to concentrated at one point

22
Q

lamina

A

flat 2D shape

23
Q

equation linking resultant force and momentum

A

change in momentum/time = resultant force

24
Q

what is the principle of conservation of momentum

A

momentum is always conserved in an explosion/collision, so there is no net change in momentum
momentum before = momentum after (provided there are no external forces)

25
Q

the time taken for the change in momentum to occur is proportional to the..

A

resultant force felt by the object

26
Q

reaction force

A

the upwards force from a surface in opposition to an objects weight

27
Q

energy

A

the ability to do work

28
Q

pressure in fluids formula

A

density x gravitational field strength x height

29
Q

why when moving in a cicrular horizontal path the resultant force points towards the center of the circle?

A

centripetial force
(force/acceleration towards centre of circle)

30
Q

acceleration formula

A

change in velocity/time

31
Q

newtons 1st law

A

object either remains at rest or continues in a straight line at constant speed unless acted on by a resultant force

32
Q

spring constant formula

A

k = F/x

33
Q

limit of proportionality

A

the extension that Hooke’s law no longer applies to - the extension is no longer proportional to the force

34
Q

describe an object in circular motion

A
  1. speed increases as force increases, with mass and radius constant
  2. radius decreases if force increases, with mass and speed constant
  3. an increased mass requires an increased force to maintain radius and speed
35
Q

5 examples of energy stores

A

kinetic, GPE, chemical, elastic, electrostatic

36
Q

kinetic energy formula

A

1/2mv^2

37
Q

GPE formula

A

mgh

38
Q

mechanical work done

A

the amount of force needed to move an object a certain distance

39
Q

mechanical work done formula

A

W = fd

40
Q

efficiency formula

A

useful energy ouput/total energy input x 100

or

useful power onput/total power input x 100

41
Q

pressure

A

force per unit area, P = F/a

42
Q

Man made things that use moments

A

Crowbar, wrench, door, tap, spanner, scissors

Physics IGCSE (20 decks)

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