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Earth Science > Forces And Features Of Earth > Flashcards

Forces And Features Of Earth Flashcards

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1
Q

Body waves

A

Waves that travel through the interior of Earth; there are two types: Primary and Secondary waves.

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2
Q

Convection

A

Process of heat transfer by the circulation or movement of a gas, liquid, or plastic material.

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3
Q

Elastic Rebound

A

Immediate return of deformed rock to its natural shape.

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4
Q

Epicenter

A

Location on the Earth’s surface directly over the focus of an earthquake.

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5
Q

Focus

A

Specific point in the Earth where the rock layers along a fault move, producing an earthquake.

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6
Q

Liquefaction

A

Wet soil behaves like a liquid and is no longer able to support buildings during an earthquake.

I.e Landslide/mudslide

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7
Q

Surface Waves

A

Waves that travel on the surface of the Earth; there is one type of surface wave: Love Waves

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8
Q

Aftershocks

A

Smaller earthquakes that occur after a major earthquake

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9
Q

Foreshocks

A

Mini-quakes that usually occur before a major earthquake

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10
Q

Magnitude

A

Measure of the total amount of energy released during an earthquake

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11
Q

Mercalli Intensity Scale

A

Scale that measures the effects or severity of an earthquake

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12
Q

Moment Magnitude Scale

A

Newer magnitude scale that measures the amount of moves (displaced) rock along a fault to determined the strength of an earthquake

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13
Q

Richter Scale

A

Scale of magnitude based in the size of seismic waves produced by an earthquake

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14
Q

Seismic Gaps

A

Areas on active faults where a major earthquake hasn’t occurred in a long time.

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15
Q

Seismogram

A

A record of time and intensity of the energy waves produced by an earthquake

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16
Q

Seismograph

A

Instrument used to record and measure vibrations from earthquakes or earth tremors

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17
Q

Seismology

A

Scientific study of earthquakes

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18
Q

Triangulation

A

Process used to locate the epicenter of an earthquake

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19
Q

Anticline

A

Arch-shaped, upward fold in rock

20
Q

Footwall

A

Block of rock below the slant of a fault.

21
Q

Graben

A

A lower block of rock between two normal faults

22
Q

Hanging Wall

A

Block of rock above the slant of a fault

23
Q

Horst

A

An uplifted block of rock between two normal faults

24
Q

Monocline

A

A ramp-like fold between flat rock layers at different elevations.

25
Q

Normal fault

A

Fault that occurs when two tectonic plates are moving apart from each other; the hanging wall DROPS relative to the Footwall

26
Q

Reverse fault

A

Fault that occurs when two tectonic plates collide; the hanging wall RISES relative to the Footwall

27
Q

Scarp

A

Cliff-like landform created by a normal fault

28
Q

Strike-slip fault

A

Fault that occurs when two tectonic plates are sliding sideways against each other in opposite directions.

29
Q

Syncline

A

U-shaped, downward fold in rock.

30
Q

Andesitic Magma

A

Magma that is a mix of basaltic and rhyolitic; eruption may or may not be explosive

31
Q

Basaltic Magma

A

Magma that has low viscosity and low silica and gas content; eruption is non-explosive

32
Q

Cinder Cone Volcano

A

Volcano formed of volcanic rock and ash; erodes quickly.

33
Q

Composite Volcano

A

Volcano that is tall and steep; formed of lava and volcanic debris

34
Q

Hawaiian Eruption

A

Non-explosive or very mild volcanic eruption.

35
Q

Hot Spot

A

An active area of volcanoes due to a consistent source of magma in the asthenosphere

36
Q

Plinian Eruption

A

The most powerful, explosive type of volcanic eruption

37
Q

Pyroclastic Flow

A

Volcanic flow that contains a high concentrations of gases, ash, and small rocks

38
Q

Rhyolitic Magma

A

Magma that has a high viscosity and high silica and gas content; eruption tends to be very explosive.

39
Q

Shield Volcano

A

Volcano that has tall, broad slopes; formed by repeated, gradual lava flows.

40
Q

Strombolian Eruption

A

An intermittent explosive volcanic eruption

41
Q

Viscosity

A

Ability of a substance to resist flowing

42
Q

Volcano

A

A hole in the surface of Earth from which magma and other debris and gases erupt.

BASIC:

  • Crater
  • Central Vent (Lateral Vent)
  • Magma Chamber
43
Q

Geothermal Energy

A

Energy produced from the heat of magma and other volcanic materials

44
Q

Lahar

A

An avalanche of water, mud, and other materials that a volcanic eruption can produce.

45
Q

Tephra

A

Volcanic rock and debris that is blasted from a volcano during an eruption.

Earth Science (2 decks)

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