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Forces Flashcards

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1
Q

What do vectors have?

A

Magnitude and direction

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2
Q

Give examples of vector quantities

A
  • force
  • velocity
  • momentum
  • acceleration
  • displacement
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3
Q

What are scalar quantities?

A
  • distance
  • temperature
  • mass
  • speed
  • time
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4
Q

What is the difference between scalar quantities and vector quantities?

A
  • Vectors have direction

- scalers have only magnitude

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5
Q

How are vectors represented?

A

Arrows

Length of arrows shows magnitude

Direction of arrow show direction

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6
Q

For examples of non contact forces

A
  • electrostatic force
  • gravitational force
  • magnetic force
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7
Q

Give examples of contact forces

A
  • tension on ropes
  • friction
  • air resistance
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8
Q

What is gravitational force?

A

The force of attraction between masses

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9
Q

What is mass?

A

The amount of stuff in an object

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10
Q

What is weight?

A

The force acting on an object due to gravity

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11
Q

What does the weight of an object depend on?

A

Gravitational field strength and mass

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12
Q

What is weight measured in?

A

Newtons

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13
Q

What is mass measured in ?

A

Kilograms

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14
Q

What does a free body diagram show ?

A

All the forces acting on an object

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15
Q

What is a resultant force ?

A

The overall force on a point or object

The single force

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16
Q

How do u calculate work done?

A

Work done = force x distance

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17
Q

How many Nm are in a joule?

A

1 Nm

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18
Q

How many joules are in Nm ?

A

I joule

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19
Q

What does it mean when all the forces acting on an object equal 0?

A

It is at equilibrium

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20
Q

What happens to the object when forces are equal?

A
  • stationary

- moves at constant speed

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21
Q

What is elastic deformation ?

A

If an object can go back to its original form after the force has been removed

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22
Q

What is inelastic deformation

A

If an object doesn’t return to its original shape and length after the force has been removed

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23
Q

What happens when an object is stretched, bent, or compressed?

A
  • work is done

- energy is transferred to the elastic potential energy store

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24
Q

What is the equation for a force applied to a spring?

A

Force = spring constant x extension

N. N/m. M

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25
Q

What is the limit of proportionality?

A

The maximum force an object can exert, until it is no longer proportional

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26
Q

What is extension ?

A

Change in length due to an applied force

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27
Q

What is a moment ?

A

The turning effect of a force

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28
Q

How do you calculate the moment of a force ?

A

Moment of = force x distance from normal

a force

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29
Q

What is a contact force?

A

The objects are physically touching

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30
Q

What is a non contact force?

A

The objects are physically seeparated

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31
Q

What are the untis for gravitational field strength ?

A

N/kg

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32
Q

What is pressure?

A

The force per unit area

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33
Q

Why can fluids flow?

A

There particles can move around

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34
Q

What is the equation for pressure of a fluid ?

A

Pressure = force normal to
A surface
———————-
Area of that surface

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35
Q

What is the info of pressure ?

A

Pa - pascals

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36
Q

What does pressure on a liquid depend on?

A

Depth and density

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37
Q

What is density?

A

A measure of compactness

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38
Q

What it the equation for pressure due to Collin liquid?

A

Pressure= height of the Column x density of liquid x GFS

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39
Q

When does an object float?

A

If it’s weight is equal to the up thrust

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40
Q

When does an object sink?

A

If it weight is more than the upthrust

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41
Q

What is atmosphere ?

A

Air surrounding the earth

42
Q

How is atmospheric pressure created?

A

Air molecules colliding with a surface

43
Q

What happens to the atmospheric pressure as altitude increases ?

A

Decreases

Atmosphere becomes less dense

Less air molecules to collide with

44
Q

What do leavers do?

A

Increase the distance from the pivot

So less force is needed for the same moment

45
Q

What are gears?

A

Circular discs wth teeth around the edges

46
Q

What is distance?

A

How far an object moves

Scalar quantity

47
Q

What is displacement?

A

Distance and direction of an objects movement

Vector

48
Q

What is speed?

A

How fast your are travelling

Scalar

49
Q

What is velocity ?

A

Speed in a certain direction

Vector

50
Q

What is the equation for speed ?

A

Speed = distance
————-
Time

51
Q

What is the typical values for walking?

A

1.5m/s

52
Q

What is the typical values for running?

A

3m/s

53
Q

What is the typical value for cycling ?

A

6m/s

54
Q

What is the typical values for sound in air ?

A

330m/s

55
Q

What is the typical values for a car?

A

25m/s

56
Q

What is the typical values for a train?

A

55m/s

57
Q

What is acceleration?

A

The rate of change of velocity

How quickly your speeding up

58
Q

What is the equation for velocity?

A

Acceleration =change in velocity
————————-
Time

59
Q

What is deceleration?

A

Slowing down

60
Q

What is the equation for uniform acceleration?

A
  1. 2

V. - U =2as

61
Q

What is uniform acceleration?

A

Constant acceleration

62
Q

What does the gradient show on a distance time graph ?

A

The speed

63
Q

What does the flat section show on a distance time graph ?

A

The object is stationary

64
Q

What does the straight up hill sections show on a distance time graph ?

A

Traveling at a steady speed

65
Q

What does the curves show on a distance time graph ?

A

Acceleration -steepening

Deceleration -levelling off

66
Q

What does the gradient show on a velocity time graph?

A

Acceleration

67
Q

What does the flat section show on a velocity time graph?

A

Travelling at a steady speed

68
Q

What do the uphill sections show on a velocity time graph?

A

Acceleration

69
Q

What do the downhill sections show on a velocity time graph?

A

Deceleration

70
Q

What does the area of a velocity time graph show?

A

The distance travelled

71
Q

When do u get friction?

A

Between two surfaces in contact

Always present and slows things down

72
Q

What is drag ?

A

The resistance you get in a fluid

73
Q

What is air resistance?

A

It’s the frictional force prduced by the air acting on a moving object

74
Q

What happens to fiction as the object speeds up ?

A

It increases

75
Q

What does terminal velocity depend on ?

A

Shape and area

76
Q

What do u need to change motion?

A

A force

77
Q

What is Newton’s first law ?

A

Of the resultant force of a stationary object is zero, the object will remain stationary. If the resultant force in a moving object is zero, it will carry on moving at the same velocity

78
Q

What is the equation for resualtant force?

A

Resultant

force. = mass x acceleration

79
Q

What is acceleration proportional to?

A

The resultant force

80
Q

What is acceleration inversely proportional to ?

A

The mass of an object

81
Q

What is inertia ?

A

Tendency for motion to remain unchanged

82
Q

What is Newton’s third law?

A

When two objects interact, the forces they exert on each other are equal and opposite

83
Q

What are the units for acceleration?

A

2

M/s

84
Q

What is stopping distance?

A

Thinking distance + braking distance

85
Q

What is thinking distance?

A

How far the car travels during the drivers reaction time

86
Q

What is the braking distance ?

A

The distance take to stop under braking force

87
Q

What is thinking distance affected by ?

A
  • speed

* reaction time

88
Q

What can reaction time be affected by ?

A
  • tiredness
  • drugs
  • alcohol
89
Q

What can braking distance be affected by ?

A
  • speed
  • the weather
  • the road surface
  • condition of your tyres
  • how good your brakes are
90
Q

How can u measure reaction time?

A

Ruler drop test

91
Q

What is the equation for momentum?

A

Momentum = mass x velocity

92
Q

What type of quantity is momentum?

A

Vector

It has size and direction
I’m

93
Q

What are the units for momentum ?

A

Kg m/s

94
Q

What is the conservation of momentum ?

A

In a closed system

The total momentum before an event

Is the same as after the event

95
Q

What are a cars safety features?

A
  • seatbelts
  • crumple zones
  • airbags

These increase the time it takes to stop

96
Q

How are helmets a safety feature?

A

Crushable layer of foam

Lengthens the time taken for your head to stop In a crash

Reduces impact on your brain

97
Q

What is the equations for change in momentum

A

Change in.

Momentum = force x time

98
Q

How are cushioned mats a safety feature ?

A

Increase time taken for you to stop

Made from soft, compressible materials

99
Q

How are airbags a safety feature ?

A

Inflate before u hit the dash board

Compressing air slows you down

100
Q

How are seatbelts a safety feature ?

A

Stretch slightly

Increasing time taken for wearer to stop

physics (4 decks)

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