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Physics Paper 2 > Forces > Flashcards

Forces Flashcards

1
Q

What does a vector quantity (arrow) show?

A

Direction of force

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2
Q

What does arrow magnitude (size) show?

A

Size of force

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3
Q

There are two types of forces:

A

Contact and Non-Contact

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4
Q

Give 4 contact forces

A

Friction, air resistance, tension, normal contact force

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5
Q

Give 3 non-contact forces

A

Gravitational force, electrostatic force, magnetic force

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6
Q

What is the acceleration due to gravity?

A

9.8 m/s

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7
Q

How do we calculate weight?

A

Mass x Gravitational field strength

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8
Q

What is a resultant force?

A

All forces acting on an object displayed as one

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9
Q

Work done =

A

Force x Distance

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10
Q

How many newton-metres is equal to one joule

A

1

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11
Q

Give the equation relating spring constant, force and extension

A

Force = spring constant x extension

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12
Q

Elastic potential energy =

A

0.5 x spring constant x extension^2

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13
Q

What is the turning effect of a force called?

A

The moment

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14
Q

Moment of a force =

A

Force x distance from pivot point

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14
Q

What is the moment clockwise always equal to?

A

Moment anticlockwise

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15
Q

If force is applied further from the pivot point, is more or less force required?

A

Less force is required

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16
Q

What is it called when forces are balanced?

A

Equilibrium

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17
Q

What angle must the distance from pivot point be measured at?

A

90 degrees

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18
Q

What is the name of the gear that we put force through?

A

Driver gear

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19
Q

What is the name of the gear that does not get force put through directly?

A

Driven gear

20
Q

What does a gear do?

A

Transmit rotational effects of forces with interlocking teeth

21
Q

How do we calculate the number of turns completed by a gear?

A

Number of ‘ticks’ / Number of teeth

22
Q

What turning effect is present with a low gear?

A

High turning effect (easy to turn)

23
Q

What turning effect is present with a high gear?

A

Low turning effect (hard to turn)

24
Q

Simple equation for pressure =

A

Force / Area

25
Q

What is an upward force within a fluid called?

A

Upthrust

26
Q

Complex equation for pressure =

A

Height of the column × density of the liquid × gravitational field strength

27
Q

Does the atmosphere get less dense or more dense when altitude increases?

A

Less dense

28
Q

Air molecules colliding with a surface create …

A

Atmospheric pressure

29
Q

Does atmospheric pressure decrease or increase with an increase in height?

A

Decrease

30
Q

What happens to the number of air molecules as they get further away from ground level?

A

Decrease

31
Q

What is displacement?

A

The distance travelled and the direction of a straight line as one vector quantity

32
Q

Give the typical value for walking, running and cycling speed

A

1.5 m/s
3 m/s
6 m/s

33
Q

Give the equation involving initial and final velocity squared

A

Final velocity^2 - Initial velocity^2 =
2 x distance x acceleration

34
Q

Define terminal velocity

A

Maximum speed a falling object can reach

35
Q

What is Newton’s 1st law?

A

If the resultant force on an object is 0 and the object is stationary, it remains stationary. If the object is moving it will continue to move at the same velocity

36
Q

What is Newton’s 2nd law?

A

The acceleration of an object is proportional to the resultant force
acting on the object

37
Q

What is Newton’s 3rd law?

A

When two objects interact, they exert an equal and opposite force on one another

38
Q

What is stopping distance?

A

Thinking distance x braking distance (how long it takes to react x how long it takes to stop)

39
Q

When driving at 30mph, what is the average thinking distance?

A

9 metres

40
Q

What factors affect braking distance?

A

Poor road conditions, poor vehicle condition and speed of vehicle

41
Q

What can too great of braking force result in?

A

Overheating and loss of control

42
Q

Give the equation for momentum

A

Momentum = mass x velocity

43
Q

What is the conservation of momentum?

A

Total momentum before event is equal to total momentum after an event

44
Q

Equation for change in momentum

A

Force x time

45
Q

What is air resistance?

A

The number of air particles an object collides with every second

46
Q

What is momentum?

A

How hard it is to stop an object

47
Q

What is the unit for momentum?

A

Kgm/s (kilogram metres per second)

48
Q
A

Physics Paper 2 (1 decks)

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