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H2 Physics > Forces > Flashcards

Forces Flashcards

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1
Q

Definition of force

A

A force is a push or pull upon an object resulting from the object’s interaction with another object.

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2
Q

Types of non-contact forces

A

Gravitational force, electric force and magnetic force

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2
Q

Definition of force field

A

A force field is a a region in which an object experiences a force.

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3
Q

Definition of non-contact forces

A

Non-contact forces are types of forces in which the two interacting objects are not in physical contact with each other, yet are able to exert a push or pull despite the physical separation.

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4
Q

Where does electric force exist?

A

Electric force exists between two charges. It can be attractive or repulsive.

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4
Q

Where does gravitational force exist?

A

Gravitational force exists between any two masses and is always attractive. i.e. weight

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5
Q

Where does magnetic force exist?

A

Magnetic force exists between two magnets. It can be attractive or repulsive.

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6
Q

Definition of contact forces

A

Contact forces are types of forces that exist in the two interacting objects which are physically in contact with each other.

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7
Q

Types of contact forces

A

Normal contact force, frictional force, tension, viscous forces and upthrust

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8
Q

Magnitude of normal contact force

A

Depends on how much force the object is exerting on the surface

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9
Q

Direction of normal contact force

A

Always perpendicular to the contact surface and its direction is through the object of interest

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10
Q

Definition of normal contact force

A

The normal contact force is the perpendicular force exerted by a surface on an object in contact with it

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11
Q

Definition of frictional force

A

Frictional force is the force exerted by the surface on the object as an object moves across it or makes an effort to move across it.

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12
Q

Definition of reaction force

A

The reaction force is the resultant force of both frictional force and normal contact force.

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12
Q

Magnitude of friction

A

Depends on the roughness of the contact surfaces

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13
Q

Direction of friction

A

Opposite direction to the relative motion of the object and parallel to the surface.

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14
Q

Definition of tension

A

Tension is the force which is transmitted through an object, when it is pulled tight by forces acting at each end.

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15
Q

For a force in equilibrium, what is the tension

A

The tension is constant.

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16
Q

Formula of Hooke’s law

A

F = kx
F is the load/force exerted by the spring(N)
k is the spring constant(N m^-1)
x is the extension/compression of the spring(m)

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16
Q

Magnitude of tension

A

Varies according to the extension for springs

17
Q

Definition of pulling force

A

The pulling force due to an extended spring is also the tension exerted by the extended spring.

17
Q

Direction of tension

A

It is always along the string, rope or cable and away from the object.

18
Q

Definition of Hooke’s law

A

Hooke’s law states that the magnitude of force F exerted by a spring on a body attached to the spring is proportional to the extension x of the spring from equilibrium, provided the limit of proportionally of the spring is not exceeded\

19
Q

What is the graph of force exerted on a spring and the extension of the spring?

A

Constant gradient(proportional) and decreasing gradient(where it doesn’t obey Hooke’s law)

20
Q

Definition of viscosity

A

Property of a fluid which tends to resist relative motion within itself

21
Q

Definition of viscous force

A

Viscous force is the resistive force that an object experiences when it moves through a fluid.

22
Q

Magnitude of viscous force

A

Increases with velocity, and is dependent on type of flow of liquid

23
Q

Direction of viscous force

A

Opposite to the motion of the object

24
Q

Definition of centre of gravity

A

The centre of gravity of an object is the point through which the entire weight of a body acts.

25
Q

Definition of the moment of a force

A

Moment of a force about a point is the turning effect of the force about that point and is equal to the product of the force and the perpendicular distance from its line of action to the point

26
Q

Formula of moment of a force

A

T = Fd

27
Q

How do you find the perpendicular distance for the moment?

A
  1. Extend the line of action of force past the pivot
  2. Draw a perpendicular line from the line of action of force to pivot
28
Q

What is the torque of a couple?

A

The torque of a couple is the product of one of the forces and the perpendicular distance between the lines of action of the forces.

29
Q

Definition of equilibrium

A

Equilibrium of a body occurs when there is no resultant force in any direction and there is no resultant torque about any point.

30
Q

What is a couple(torque) ?

A

A couple is a pair of forces of equal magnitude but opposite in direction acting on an object where their lines of action do not coincide, producing only rotation.

31
Q

What are the two conditions to be fulfilled for an object to be in equilibrium?

A

1) No resultant force in any direction
2) No resultant force at any point

31
Q

What are the conditions for the body to be in translational equilibrium?

A

1) Summation of forces acting on the object is 0
2) The vector addition of the forces yields a closed polygon.

32
Q

What does the rotational equilibrium of an object mean?

A

It means that the object is not rotating or rotating at a constant angular velocity.

33
Q

What does the principle of moments state?

A

The principle of moments states that for an object to be in rotational equilibrium, the sum of clockwise moments about any point must equal the sum of anti-clockwise moments about that pivot.

34
Q

What is static equilibrium of a body?

A

Static equilibrium of a body is a state when that body is at rest.

35
Q

Conditions required for static equilibrium

A

1)No resultant force in any direction(Fx = 0, Fy = 0)
2)No resultant torque at any point(Ft = 0)
3)For static equilibrium, object is stationary.

35
Q

Steps involving static equilibrium problems

A

1)Draw a free-body diagram.
2)Set up moment equation.
Ft = 0
Taking moment about any point,
Sum of clockwise = Sum of anti-clockwise
3)Set up the 2 force equations
Fx = 0, Fy = 0
4)Solve the equations to find the unknown forces.

36
Q

What are the conditions to find the common point for all lines of actions?

A

1) When the net torque is 0
2) Rotational equilibrium

36
Q

Definition of pressure

A

Pressure is defined as force per unit area.

37
Q

Definition of upthrust

A

The pressure difference at the top and bottom surfaces give rise to net upward force. The net upward force on the body by the liquid is called the upthrust.

38
Q

What does the Archimedes’ Principle state?

A

The Archimedes’ Principle states that the upthrust acting on the body, partially or totally immersed in a fluid is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the weight of the fluid displaced by the body.

39
Q

Formula for upthrust

A

U = pvg

39
Q

What is the magnitude and direction of upthrust?

A

Magnitude: Equivalent to weight of displaced fluid
Direction: Upwards

40
Q

What does the law of flotation state?

A

The law of flotation states that the weight of the fluid displaced by an object is equal to the weight of that object when the object floats in equilibrium.

H2 Physics (6 decks)

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