Forces Flashcards
What are contact and non-contact forces
Contact forces are forces that act between objects that are physically touching each other.
Non-contact forces are forces that can exert an influence without physical contact
What is gravity
Gravity is the force of attraction that exists between any two masses in the universe
What does force and elasticity mean
Force - is a physical quantity that causes an object to undergo a change in speed, direction, or shape. Measured in newtons (N)
Elasticity - refers the ability of a material to deform under stress and return to its original shape when stress is removed
What does work mean and energy transfer
Work - is when a force acts upon an object to cause a displacement in the direction of the force applied
Energy transfer - is the movement of energy from 1 object to another or within object
Describe the Interaction between pairs of objects which produce a force on each object.
When two objects interact, they exert forces on each other that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction.
Describe the difference between scalars and vectors
Scalars: Quantities that have only magnitude (size or amount).
Examples: Temperature (25°C), Speed (60 km/h), Mass (5 kg), Time (30 s).
Vectors: Quantities that have both magnitude and direction.
Examples: Velocity (50 km/h east), Force (10 N upward), Displacement (5 meters north).
Describe the equations for weight, mass, gravitational field strength
Weight
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Mass x gravitational field strength
Calculate the resultant of two forces that act in a straight line.
If two forces act along the same line, their resultant force is the algebraic sum of the two forces.
Example:
Force 1: 10 N to the right.
Force 2: 5 N to the right.
Resultant Force = 10 N + 5 N = 15 N to the right
Work done, force, distance equations
Work done
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Force x distance
describe the energy transfer involved when work is done.
Chemical energy to kinetic energy.
convert between Newton metres and Joules.
1 Newton metre (N·m) is equivalent to 1 Joule (J). They are both units of work or energy.
give examples of the forces involved in stretching, bending or compressing an object.
Stretching - When a spring is pulled, it experiences tensile force.
Bending - When a beam is subjected to a load in the middle while supported at both ends, it experiences bending forces.
Compressing - When you squeeze a sponge, it experiences compressive force.
describe the difference between elastic deformation and inelastic deformation caused by stretching forces.
Elastic Deformation: The object returns to its original shape and size after the force is removed.
Inelastic (Plastic) Deformation: The object does not return to its original shape and size after the force is removed; permanent deformation occurs.
Force, spring constant, extension equations
Force
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Spring constant x extension
describe the difference between a linear and non-linear relationship between force and extension
Linear Relationship - The extension of the object is directly proportional to the applied force. This is described by Hooke’s Law
Non-Linear Relationship - The extension is not directly proportional to the applied force. This occurs when the material is stretched beyond its elastic limit or behaves non-linearly from the start.
