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Gcse Physics > Forces > Flashcards

Forces Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a scalar quantity?

A

. A quantity that only has a magnitude
. A quantity that isn’t direction
dependent

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2
Q

What is a vector quantity?

A

A quantity that has both a magnitude
and an associated direction.

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3
Q

How can a vector quantity be drawn and what does
it show?

A

. As an arrow
. The length of the arrow represents the
magnitude
. The arrow points in the associated
direction

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4
Q

What is a force?

A

A push or pull acting on an object due to
an interaction with another object.

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5
Q

What are the two categories that all forces can be
split into?

A
  1. Contact forces (objects touching)
  2. Non-contact forces (objects separated)
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6
Q

Give three examples of contact forces.

A
  1. Friction
  2. Air resistance
  3. Tension
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7
Q

Give three examples of non-contact forces.

A
  1. Gravitational forces
  2. Electrostatic forces
  3. Magnetic forces
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8
Q

Is force a vector or a scalar quantity?

A

· Vector
. It has both a magnitude and an
associated direction

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9
Q

Give three examples of vector quantities.

A
  1. Velocity
  2. Displacement
  3. Force
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10
Q

Give three examples of scalar quantities.

A

. Temperature
· Time
· Mass
. Speed
. Distance
· Energy

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11
Q

What is weight?

A

The force that acts on an object due to
gravity and the object’s mass.

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12
Q

What quantities does weight depend on?

A

Weight = mass x gravitational field strength

. The object’s mass
. The gravitational field strength at the
given position in the field

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13
Q

What is the unit used for weight?

A

The Newton (N).

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14
Q

What is the unit used for gravitational field strength?

A

N/kg

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15
Q

What is meant by an object’s centre of mass?

A

The single point where an object’s
weight can be considered to act through.

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16
Q

What piece of equipment can be used to measure
an object’s weight?

A

A calibrated spring-balance or newton-
meter.

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17
Q

What is the name given to the single force that is equivalent to all the other forces acting on a given
object?

A

The resultant force

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18
Q

What does it mean if a force is said to do ‘work’?

A

The force causes an object to be
displaced through a distance.

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19
Q

What is the equation used to calculate work done?
Give appropriate units.

A

Work done = Force x Distance

Work done (Joules), Force (Newtons),
Distance (metres)

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20
Q

What distance must be used when calculating work
done?

A

It must be the distance that is moved
along the line of action of the force.

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21
Q

Under what circumstance is 1 joule of work done?

A

When a force of 1 Newton causes a
displacement of 1 metre.

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22
Q

How many Newton-metres are equal to 1 joule of
energy?

A

1 Nm= 1J

23
Q

How much work is done by the force
acting on the below object over a
distance of 5m?

A

10 N
<——— (square)

24
Q

How much work is done by the force acting on the
below object over a distance of 5m?

A

10 x 5 = 50 Nm

= 50 J

25
Q

What occurs when work is done against frictional
forces?

A

· A rise in temperature of the object
occurs
. Kinetic energy is converted to heat

26
Q

Why does air resistance slow down a projectile?

A

. The object does work against the air
resistance
. Kinetic energy is converted in to heat,
slowing down the object

27
Q

Explain the relationship between the force applied
and the extension of an elastic object.

A

The extension is directly proportional to
the force applied, provided that the limit
of proportionality is not exceeded.

28
Q

What is meant by an inelastic deformation?

A

. A deformation which results in the
object being permanently stretched
. The object doesn’t return to its original
shape when the force is removed

29
Q

State the equation relating force, spring constant
and extension. Give appropriate units.

A

Force = Spring Constant x Extension

Force (N), Spring Constant (N/m)
Extension (m)

30
Q

What type of energy is stored in a spring when it is
stretched?

A

Elastic potential energy.

31
Q

What can extension be replaced with in the equation
for spring force?

A

Compression.

32
Q

What is an alternative name for the turning effect of
a force?

A

A moment.

33
Q

State the equation used to calculate the moment of a
force. Give appropriate units.

A

Moment of force = Force x Distance

Moment (Nm), Force (N), Distance (m)

34
Q

What distance measurement is used when
calculating a moment?

A

The perpendicular distance from the
pivot to the line of action of the force.

35
Q

If an object is in equilibrium, what can be said about
the moments acting on the object?

A

The clockwise moments are equal to the
anticlockwise moments.

36
Q

What three parts make up a lever system?

A
  1. Load
  2. Effort
  3. Pivot
37
Q

How can a lever be used as a force multiplier?

A

If the distance between the effort and pivot is
greater than the distance between the pivot
and load, the force applied on the load is
greater than the effort force. This is since the
moment on both the effort and load must be
the same.

38
Q

Give an example of when a lever may be used to
multiply a force.

A

A wrench, which has a long handle so that the
force applied by the user is multiplied.

39
Q

What determines the moment of a gear wheel?

A

The size of the wheel

40
Q

What is meant by the term ‘fluid’?

A

A liquid or a gas.

40
Q

Describe the moment and speed of a larger gear
being driven by a smaller gear.

A

The larger wheel will rotate more slowly but
will also produce a larger moment.

41
Q

In any fluid, at what angle do the forces due to
pressure act on a given surface?

A

At right angles (normal to) the surface.

42
Q

State the equation used to calculate pressure. Give
appropriate units.

A

Pressure = Force/Area

Pressure (Pascals), Force (Newtons),
Area (metre2)

43
Q

What happens to the density of the atmosphere with
increasing altitude?

A

The atmosphere becomes less dense as
altitude increases.

44
Q

Explain why atmospheric pressure decreases with
an increase in height.

A

. Pressure is created by collisions of air
molecules
· The quantity of molecules (and so weight)
decreases as the height increases
· This means atmospheric pressure decreases
with an increase of height

45
Q

What is the Earth’s atmosphere?

A

A thin (relative to the magnitude of the
Earth) layer of gas surrounding the
Earth.

46
Q

How does pressure in fluids increase with depth?

A

As the depth increases, the mass of liquid
above that depth also increases. This means
that the force due to the mass increases.
Since the force has increased whilst the area
has remained constant, the pressure will
increase.

47
Q

Why does pressure in fluids increase with density?

A

As the density of a fluid increases, the number of
particles in a given volume increases.
Consequently the weight of the fluid is greater.
This means that the force from the fluid above a
certain point is larger. Since the force has
increased, the pressure also increases.

48
Q

What equation shows the magnitude of pressure
in liquids at different depths?

A

Pressure due to a column of liquid(Pa) =
Column height(m) x density(kg/m3) x
gravitational field strength(N/kg)
P = h(strange p)g

49
Q

Why are objects in a fluid subject to an upthrust?

A

When an object is submerged in a fluid, it has a
higher pressure below it than it does above, as there
is more weight above it at the bottom than there is at
the top. This leads to an upwards force called
upthrust. You float or sink depending on whether the
upthrust is more or less than your weight.

50
Q

What is upthrust always equal to?

A

The weight of the fluid that the object
displaces.

51
Q

What factors influence whether an object will sink or
float?

A

. Upthrust
· Weight
. Density of fluid

52
Q

Explain why an object with a density greater than
that of water can never float.

A

Upthrust is equal to the weight of the displaced
fluid. If the density of the object is high, there
would not be enough volume displaced to
produce an upthrust larger than the object’s
weight. This means that it will sink.

53
Q
A

Gcse Physics (2 decks)

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