Forces Flashcards
Distance
The length of a path between two points
Meter
A lenght of measure, used to describe how fast something or someone is going
Centimetre
A lenght of measure, used to describe how fast something or someone is going(smaller than meters)
Kilometers
A lenght in measure and its to describe how fast something is going in a distance
Time
Seconds,minutes,hours
Seconds
Measurement in time
Minutes
Measurement in time
Hours
Measurement in time
Speed
Measurement of how fast someone or something is going
M/s, cm/s, km/hr
Measurement of time for how fast something is going. It is also the answer to how far and how long it to something or someone.
Displacement
Distance and direction of an object’s change in position from the starting point.
Distance vs. time graph
Shows the distance an object travels in a certain amount of time.
Slope
The steepness of a line on a graph
Average
The average of a value
Independent variable
The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied
Dependent variable
The outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable.
Constant variable
The variable that doesn’t change
Acceleration
The rate at which velocity changes
average speed
total distance divided by total of time
average speed equation
distance/time=speed
instantaneous speed
the speed of an object at one instant time
caption
a few descriptive words providing readers with information regarding a figure, table, or equation.
scatter plot
a graph with point plotted to show a possible relationship between two sets of data
trend-line
growth path the economy would follow if it were not interrupted by alternating periods of recession and recovery
constant speed
speed that does not change
changing speed
when the objects speed changes per unit of time
example of distance units
cm,meters,km
example of time units
second, minutes, hours
example of speed units
M/s, cm/s and km/h
example of a constant speed
-A person walking at the same speed
-a horse walking at the same speed,
-a car driving exactly the speed limit.
example of a zero slope
no movement
example of acceleration
a boulder rolling down a hill faster
example of deceleration
a car approaching a red light
in a distance time graph the x axis should be
time
in a distance time graph the y axis should be
distance
Why do we find the average speed instead of a instantaneous speed
It is nearly impossible to find the instantaneous speed because speed is always changing in nano seconds, which is a pain to figure out
What logic do you use when you are looking at a graph that has two constant speeds and the question is asking you what speed is going faster?
You look for the speed that’s slope is steeper
If a curved line on a graph is facing up what direction is the speed going?
its going up
If a curved line on a graph is facing up then curving and pointing down, what direction is the speed going
it is acceleration and the decreasing slowly
in order for scientist to agree in measurements of motion they must first agree on
frame of reference
for day to day objects, motions are usually measured relative to
the surface of the earth
what is average speed
the speed over the entire trip
what is velocity
speed in a given direction
what is acceleration
the rate of change of speed
velocity is defined with both —- and —–
speed and direction
what is the speed formula
distance/time
what does the slope on a distance vs. time graph represent
speed
what is the importance of 9.8 meters per second squared
it is acceleration due to gravity on earth
this is the term for the rate at which velocity changes over time
acceleration
what does a horizontal line on a velocity vs. time graph represent
a constant velocity
a curved line on a distance vs. time graph indicates
a change in speed
graph showing object stopped
horizontal line
graph showing acceleration
curves upwards
graph showing constant acceleration
diagonal line going upwards
speed
distance divided by time
3 ways to accelerate
speed up, slow down, change direction
does the mass of objects ever change
no
what is inertia
how difficult it is to change the objects motion
an object with high mass or low mass
the object has high or low inertia
equation for weight
weight(w)=mass(m)x gravitational field strength (g)
weight is measured in
newtons
mass is measured in
kg
does force affect acceleration
yes
what is acceleration used for
to change in speed, direction or a change in both speed and direction
what is a resultant force
the overall force action on an object
what is caused by a resultant force
the change in an objects motion
how to know if a resultant force is acting on an object
If the forces acting on an object are unbalanced (not equal) it means that a resultant force is acting on the object.
resultant force equation
Resultant force (F) = mass (m) x acceleration (a).
what is newtons second law
Resultant force (F) = mass (m) x acceleration (a).
what is newtons 1st law
Newton’s 1st Law says that the velocity of an object will only change if a resultant force is acting on the object. This applies to a stationary (still) or moving object.
if the object has no resultant force what does that mean
if an objects is stationary and there is no resultant force acting on it it will stay stationary.
how to change velocity of an object
the velocity will only change if a resultant force is acting on the object
what is newtons 3rd law
for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
examples of newtons 3rd law
If a hand pushes on a table, the table will push back on the hand with an equal force, but in the opposite direction.
calculating resultant force
Resultant force = forces acting in one direction - forces acting in the opposite direction.
newtons 1st law eg
When a vehicle is travelling at a steady speed, the resistive forces (such as friction and air resistance) are balancing the driving force.
When there are balanced forces, there is no resultant force.
what are the forces acting on a driving car
gravity, friction, driving force contact force
forces acting on skydiver
gravity, air resistance
weight of an object
The weight of an object is the force that acts downwards on an object due to gravity.
what is air resistance
air resistance is a frictional force that opposes the motion of objects moving quickly through air.
terminal velocity
the maximum velocity an object can reach while falling
stopping distance
stopping distance is the distance it takes a car to stop in an emergency
how to find stopping distance
thinking distance+ braking distance
thinking distance
how far the car travels during the drivers reaction time
what is braking distance
the distance the car travels between the driver applying the brakes and the car stopping
eg of factors affecting thinking distance
tiredness, drunk,distractions
factors affecting braking distance
cars initial speed, condition of the car, road condition(wet or icy)
how does speed affect work done
The greater the speed of a vehicle, the greater the braking force needed to stop the vehicle in a certain distance.
Examples of what affects work done
Speed of the car
Bigger the mass the greater breaking force needed
Grip of the vehicle
