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Physics > Forces > Flashcards

Forces Flashcards

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AP® Physics flashcards Physics 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a scalar quantity?

A

Magnitude

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2
Q

What is a vector quantity?

A

Magnitude + direction

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3
Q

What is a force?

A

Something that occurs when two or more objects interact

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4
Q

What quantity is a force?

A

A vector quantity

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5
Q

What are the 2 types of force?

A

Contact
Non-contact

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6
Q

What does a contact force involve?

A

Touching objects

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7
Q

What does a non-contact force involve?

A

Objects that are not touching

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8
Q

What is gravity?

A

A force of attraction between all masses

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9
Q

What is mass?

A

The amount of matter an object contains

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10
Q

What is weight?

A

The force that acts on an object due to gravity

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11
Q

What is a resultant force?

A

When more than one force acts on an object but has the same effect as all the forces acting together

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12
Q

What is a free body diagram?

A

The diagram that can be used to show different forces acting on an object

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13
Q

What happens when a force causes an object to move?

A

Work is done

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14
Q

What happens when work is done?

A

Energy transfers take place within the system

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15
Q

What does elastically deformed mean?

A

When an object returns to its original shape after a force is removed

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16
Q

What does inelastically deformed mean?

A

When an object does not return to its original shape after a force is removed

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17
Q

What is the extension of an object directly proportional to?

A

The applied forced

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18
Q

What happens once the limit of proportionality has been exceeded?

A

Doubling the force will no longer exactly double the extension
The relationship becomes non-linear
A force-extension graph will stop being a straight line

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19
Q

What does the spring constant indicate?

A

How easy it is to stretch or compress a spring

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20
Q

What is the turning effect called when a force causes an object to rotate around a pivot point?

A

Moment of a force

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21
Q

What can levers and gears be used for?

A

Transmit the rotational effects of forces
Magnify either the size of the applied force or the distance the force moves over

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22
Q

What state can a fluid be?

A

Liquid or gas

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23
Q

What happens as particles move around in a fluid?

A

They collide with the surface of objects in the fluid or the surface of the container

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24
Q

What force do the collisions of particles in a fluid make?

A

A force normal (at right angles) to the surface

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25
Q

What is the atmosphere?

A

A relatively thin layer of air around the Earth

26
Q

What happens if the altitude is great?

A

The atmosphere is less dense and the atmospheric pressure is lower

27
Q

What does pressure at a particular point in a column of liquid depend on?

A

The height of the column above the point
The density of the liquid

28
Q

What happens if the column is higher and the liquid is more dense?

A

The greater the weight above the point
The greater the force on the surface at that point
The greater the pressure

29
Q

What is upthrust?

A

The force exerted by a fluid on a submerged object

30
Q

When do objects float?

A

When its weight is equal to the upthrust

31
Q

When do objects sink?

A

When the weight is greater than the upthrust

32
Q

What indicates if an object will float or sink?

A

The density

33
Q

What does an object less dense than liquid do?

A

Displaces a volume of liquid greater than its own weight so it will rise to the surface
Will float with some of the object remaining under the water
Displaces liquid of equal weight to the object

34
Q

What quantity is distance?

A

Scalar

35
Q

What is distance?

A

How far an object has moved
It does not need to take into account the direction the object is moving in

36
Q

What quantity is displacement?

A

Vector

37
Q

What is displacement?

A

It has a magnitude, which describes how far the object is from its origin

38
Q

What is the speed of an object?

A

The measure of how fast an object is travelling

39
Q

What quantity is speed?

A

Scalar

40
Q

What quantity is velocity?

A

Vector

41
Q

What is velocity?

A

The speed of an object in a given direction

42
Q

What does an object moving in a straight line with a constant speed also have?

A

A constant velocity

43
Q

What happens if an object is not moving in a straight line?

A

The speed can still be constant
The velocity will be changing, because the direction has changed

44
Q

Describe an object moving in a circle.

A

Is constantly changing direction, so it is constantly changing velocity
Is accelerating even if travelling at a constant speed

45
Q

What is Newtons first law?

A

An object will remain in the same state of motion unless acted on by an external force

46
Q

What happens to an object when the resultant force acting on it is zero?

A

If the object is stationary, it remains stationary
If the object is moving, it continues to move at the same speed and in the same direction

47
Q

What do distance-time graphs represent?

A

Represent the motion of an object acting in a straight line

48
Q

What will the distance-time graph show if the object is accelerating?

A

A curve

49
Q

What is acceleration of an object?

A

A measure of how quickly it speeds up, slows down or changes direction

50
Q

What can the gradient of a velocity-time graph be used to find?

A

The acceleration of an object

51
Q

What is Newton’s second law?

A

The acceleration of an object is proportional to the resultant force acting on the object and inversely proportional to the mass of the object

52
Q

What happens when an object falls through a liquid?

A

At first, the object accelerates due to the force of gravity
As it speeds up, the resistive forces increase
The resultant forces reach zero when the restrictive force balances the force of gravity. At this point the object will fall at a steady speed called its terminal velocity

53
Q

What is Newtons third law?

A

For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

54
Q

What do all moving objects have?

A

Momentum

55
Q

What happens when an unstable force acts on an object that is moving or unable to move?

A

A change in momentum occurs

56
Q

What happens to momentum in a closed system?

A

The total momentum before an event is equal to the total momentum after the event

57
Q

What does the stopping distance of a vehicle depend on?

A

Thinking distance
Braking distance

58
Q

What is thinking distance?

A

The distance travelled during the drivers reaction time

59
Q

What is braking distance?

A

The distance travelled under the braking force

60
Q

What can affect reaction time?

A

Tiredness, distractions, drugs and alcohol

61
Q

What factors could affect braking distance?

A

Conditions of the road, conditions of the vehicle and the weather

Physics (8 decks)

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