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Forces. Flashcards

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1
Q

What does scalar quantity have?

A

It has magnitude (size) only eg num of apples.

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2
Q

What does a vector quantity have?

A

It has magnitude and direction eg velocity which shows the speed and the direction of travel.

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3
Q

How can arrows be used to represent vector quantities?

A

-The length of the arrow shows the magnitude.
= The arrow points in the direction that the vector quantity is acting.

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4
Q

What type of quantity are forces?

A

Vector.

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5
Q

What are the contact and non-contact forces?

A

Contact- Friction, air resistance/drag tension, normal contact force and upthrust.
Non-contact- Gravitational force, electrostatic force and magnetic force.

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6
Q

How do you work out weight?

A

weight=mass * gravitational field strength

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7
Q

What is the resultant force?

A

When more than one force acts on an object, theses forces can be seen as a single force that has the same effect as all the forces acting together.

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8
Q

What can a free-body diagram be used to show?

A

To show different forces acting on an object.

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9
Q

When is work done on an object?

A

When a force causes an object to move. This is because energy is required to move the object.

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10
Q

Work done equation.

A

Work done= Force * distance

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11
Q

How do you know if an object is elastically deformed?

A

If the object returns to its original shape after the forces are removed, it is elastically deformed.

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12
Q

How do you know if an object is inelastically deformed?

A

If the object does not return to its original shape, it has been inelastically deformed.

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13
Q

What happens to an object when the limit of proportionality is exceeded?

A

-Doubling the force will no longer exactly double the extension.
-The relationship becomes non-linear.
-A force-extension graph will stop being a straight line.

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14
Q

Force equation.

A

Force= Spring constant * extension

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15
Q

(RP) Investigate the relationship between force and extension of a spring.

A

1) Set up the equipment. (ruler, spring, mass, etc.)
2) Add 100g (1N) to the mass holder.
3) Measure the extension of the spring and record the result.
4) Repeat steps 2 to 3 for a range of masses from 1N to 10N.
IV= Force on the spring.
DV= The extension.

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16
Q

What is called a moment of force?

A

When a force causes an object to rotate around a pivot point the turning effect is called a moment of force.

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17
Q

Moment of force equation.

A

Moment of a force= Force * distance.

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18
Q

What can levers and gears be used for?

A

They can be used to:
-Transmit the rotational effects of forces.
-Magnify either the size of the applied force or the distance the force moves over.
When the force applied moves further than the transmitted force, the force is increased.
When the applied force is bigger than the transmitted force, the distance is increased.

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19
Q

How is pressure caused?

A

By particles colliding with a surface.

20
Q

What does pressure at a particular point in a column depend on?

A

-The height of the column above the point.
-The density of the liquid.

21
Q

The higher the column and the more dense the liquid:

A

-The greater the weight above the point.
-The greater the force on the surface at that point.
-The greater the pressure.

22
Q

What is upthrust?

A

The upward force exerted by a fluid on a submerged object.

23
Q

Why does an object float or sink?

A

An object floats when its weight is equal tot the upthrust and sinks when its weight is greater than the upthrust.

24
Q

An object less dense than the liquid:

A

-Displaces a volume of liquid greater than its own weight so it will rise to the surface.
-Will float with some of the object remaining below the surface.
-Displaces liquid of equal weight to the object.

25
Q

What happens if an object has a low density?

A

It will remain above the surface.

26
Q

Distance is a scalar quantity:

A

-It is how far an object moves.
-It does not take into account the direction an object is traveling in or even if it ends up back where it started.

27
Q

Is velocity a scalar or vector quantity?

A

Vector. Its the speed of an object in a given direction
When traveling in a straight line, an object with constant speed also has a constant velocity.

28
Q

What is Newton’s first law?

A

An object will remain in the same state of motion unless acted on by an external force.

29
Q

What is inertia?

A

This tendency for objects to continue in the same state of motion.

30
Q

What can a distance-time graph represent?

A

It can be used to represent the motion of an object travelling in a straight line.

31
Q

Acceleration equation.

A

Acceleration =Change in velocity/time taken.

32
Q

How can uniform acceleration be calculated?

A

(final velocity)2 - (inital velocity)2= 2 * acceleration * distance.
v2-u2 = 2as.

33
Q

What will the gradient of a velocity-time graph help you find out?

A

The acceleration of an object.

34
Q

What is Newtons 2nd law?

A

The acceleration of an object is proportional to the resultant force acting on the object and inversely proportional to the mass of an object.

35
Q

Force equation.

A

Force=mass * accelration.

36
Q

(RP) Investigate the effect of varying the force and/or the mass in the acceleration of an object.

A

1) Set up the equipment (trolley, light gate, pulley masses).
2) Release the trolley and use light gates or a stopwatch to take the measurements needed to calculate acceleration.
3)Move 100g from the trolley onto the mass holder.
4) Repeat steps 2.3 until all the masses have been moved.

37
Q

What are the variables of the RP: Investigate the effect of varying the force and/or the mass in the acceleration of an object.

A

IV=Force or mass.
DV=Force if the mass is changed and the mass if the force is changed.

38
Q

What happens when an object falls through a fluid?

A

-First the object accelerates due to the force of gravity.
-As it speeds up the resistive forces increase.
-Resultant force reaches zero when the resistive forces balance the gravity. At this point the object will fall at a steady speed, called its terminal velocity.

39
Q

What is Newton’s third law?

A

It is stated as: for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. This means that whenever one object exerts force on another the object exerts a force back. This reaction force is the same type and same size but opposite in direction.

40
Q

Momentum equation.

A

Momentum = mass * velocity.

41
Q

In a closed system, the total momentum before an event is equal to what?

A

To the total momentum after the event.

42
Q

What does the stopping distance of a vehicle depend on?

A

-The thinking distance.
-The braking distance.

43
Q

What is the typical human reaction time?

A

0.2-0.9 seconds.

44
Q

What can reaction time be affected by?

A

Alcohol, drugs, fatigue and distractions.

45
Q

What is the equation to find the size of the braking force required?

A

The work done equation can be used.
Work done= Force * distance.

Physics (9 decks)

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