Forces Flashcards
Name all 5 contact forces
Frictional force
Normal force
Tension force
Compression force
Muscular force
Name all 3 non-contact forces
Gravitational force
Electrostatic force
Magnetic force
What is a force?
A push or pull on an object due to its interaction with another object
What unit is force measured in?
Newtons (N)
What is a springbalance?
A simple device consisting of a spring which, when stretched, gives a reading of the force used to stretch the spring
What does the length of the arrow represent?
The size of the force
What does the arrowhead tell us?
The direction of the force
Who was Sir Isaac Newton?
A famous physicist who was most well-known for formulating the laws of motion
A force is a ______ quantity
physical
These types of physical quantities are called ________
Vectors
Direction can be given as _______ points (e.g. North, South, South East etc.) or as a______ .
cardinal
bearing
How is bearing measured?
It is measured from North in a clockwise direction.
Name the four effects of a force?
- Change the shape of an object
- Change the direction in which the object is moving
- Change the motion of an object -Stop/Start
- Change the speed of an already moving object
What is Isaac Newtons law?
For every action there is an equal but opposite reaction.
The effects of different forces acting together depend on what?
the size of each force and in what direction each force is acting in
What is a Contact force?
A force that results when two objects are physically touching each other.
What is a non-contact force?
A force that can act over a distance. (the 2 objects have an effect on each other even when they are not touching each other)
What is a friction force?
The resistance that one surface/object experiences when moving over another surface/object, or through a substance. (liquid/gas)
The force that opposes motion is called…
friction
Friction acts in the same/opposite direction to the motion of an object.
opposite
Friction is … to the surface that the body is on
parallel
What is the normal force?
A contact force that prevents you from penetrating the ground.
In what direction does the normal force always act to the surface that the object is resting on?
perpendicular
What does the size of a frictional force depend on?
- The type of surface on which an object is moving
- The normal force
The smoother the surface the less/more friction there is
less
Name 2 advantages of friction forces?
- Friction between the tread of the tyre and the road prevents cars from skidding
2.Friction between our feet and the ground enables us to move forward without slipping
Tension force
Two forces acting on one object in opposite directions to stretch the object or pull it apart.
Compression force
To forces acting on one object in opposite directions (towards each other) to compress or deform the object.
Muscular force
A force applied by a person or an object.
Gravitational force
A force of attraction between two objects/bodies over a distance due to their masses.
The greater the mass of an object the weaker/stronger the gravitational force of attraction between them is
stronger
The closer the objects are to each other the stronger/weaker the gravitational force of attraction between them is
stronger
weight
the gravitational force exerted on the object by the earth/any other planet
mass
the amount of matter that an object consists of
What is mass measured in?
(Kg) Kilograms
What is weight measured in?
(N) Newtons
The mass of an object is perpetual/varies depending on where it is measured
perpetual
The weight of an object is perpetual/varies depending on where it is measured
varies
Gravitational acceleration
The Earths gravitational force causing everything to accelerate to its core.
(g) means
gravitational acceleration
(m) means
mass
(Fg) means
Weight
The unit for measuring gravitational acceleration is …
9,8m/s²
Formula for calculating weight:
Fg = m x g
Magnetic Force
A force that two magnetic materials exert on each other over a distance
Magnets
Materials that have a strong magnetic field
Name 3 magnetic materials:
Nickel,cobalt and iron
(NIC)
What are alloys?
A mixture of two or more metals
Give 1 example of an alloy
Steel
Name 5 things that magnets all have in common :
Every magnet has:
1. A magnetic field around them
2. Two magnetic poles: South (S) and North (N)
3. Opposite poles attract each other
4. Like poles repel each other
5. If a magnet is allowed to flow freely(like a compass) it will turn and come to rest its North pole to the geographic North Pole of the Earth
What is a magnetic field?
The space around a magnet in which it can attract or repel another object
Magnetic field lines are always drawn from 1… pole to 2… pole
- North
- South
The more lines drawn and the closer the field lines are together, the weaker/stronger the force is.
stronger
The further you get away from the magnet the stronger/weaker the magnetic field gets
weaker
What are the Northern lights called?
Aurora borealis
What are the Southern lights called?
Aurora australis
When is the beauty of the Northern and Southern lights created?
When charged particles from the sun spiral along the magnetic field lines and enter the Earth’s atmosphere at the poles, where they interact with the atmospheric gas particles, causing a light show.
Electrostatic force
A force that two electrically charged objects exert on each other over a distance.
What happens to the electrons when two neutral objects are rubbed together?
They are transferred from one of the objects to the other as a result of friction.
What happens to the protons when two neutral objects are rubbed together?
The protons are held tightly in the nucleus of the atom with a strong force.
When an object loses electrons, it will have more protons than electrons. This is called a … charged object charge.
positively
When an object gains electrons, it will have more electrons than protons. This is called a … charged object charge.
negatively
Lightning
The build up and discharged of electrons in certain areas of the cloud caused by friction from air,dust and water particles rubbing against each other inside the cloud.
