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physics grade 9 > Forces > Flashcards

Forces Flashcards

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1
Q

Name all 5 contact forces

A

Frictional force
Normal force
Tension force
Compression force
Muscular force

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2
Q

Name all 3 non-contact forces

A

Gravitational force
Electrostatic force
Magnetic force

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3
Q

What is a force?

A

A push or pull on an object due to its interaction with another object

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4
Q

What unit is force measured in?

A

Newtons (N)

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5
Q

What is a springbalance?

A

A simple device consisting of a spring which, when stretched, gives a reading of the force used to stretch the spring

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6
Q

What does the length of the arrow represent?

A

The size of the force

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7
Q

What does the arrowhead tell us?

A

The direction of the force

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8
Q

Who was Sir Isaac Newton?

A

A famous physicist who was most well-known for formulating the laws of motion

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9
Q

A force is a ______ quantity

A

physical

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10
Q

These types of physical quantities are called ________

A

Vectors

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11
Q

Direction can be given as _______ points (e.g. North, South, South East etc.) or as a______ .

A

cardinal
bearing

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12
Q

How is bearing measured?

A

It is measured from North in a clockwise direction.

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13
Q

Name the four effects of a force?

A
  1. Change the shape of an object
  2. Change the direction in which the object is moving
  3. Change the motion of an object -Stop/Start
  4. Change the speed of an already moving object
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14
Q

What is Isaac Newtons law?

A

For every action there is an equal but opposite reaction.

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15
Q

The effects of different forces acting together depend on what?

A

the size of each force and in what direction each force is acting in

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16
Q

What is a Contact force?

A

A force that results when two objects are physically touching each other.

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17
Q

What is a non-contact force?

A

A force that can act over a distance. (the 2 objects have an effect on each other even when they are not touching each other)

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18
Q

What is a friction force?

A

The resistance that one surface/object experiences when moving over another surface/object, or through a substance. (liquid/gas)

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19
Q

The force that opposes motion is called…

A

friction

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20
Q

Friction acts in the same/opposite direction to the motion of an object.

A

opposite

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21
Q

Friction is … to the surface that the body is on

A

parallel

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22
Q

What is the normal force?

A

A contact force that prevents you from penetrating the ground.

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23
Q

In what direction does the normal force always act to the surface that the object is resting on?

A

perpendicular

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24
Q

What does the size of a frictional force depend on?

A
  1. The type of surface on which an object is moving
  2. The normal force
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25
Q

The smoother the surface the less/more friction there is

A

less

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26
Q

Name 2 advantages of friction forces?

A
  1. Friction between the tread of the tyre and the road prevents cars from skidding
    2.Friction between our feet and the ground enables us to move forward without slipping
27
Q

Tension force

A

Two forces acting on one object in opposite directions to stretch the object or pull it apart.

28
Q

Compression force

A

To forces acting on one object in opposite directions (towards each other) to compress or deform the object.

29
Q

Muscular force

A

A force applied by a person or an object.

30
Q

Gravitational force

A

A force of attraction between two objects/bodies over a distance due to their masses.

31
Q

The greater the mass of an object the weaker/stronger the gravitational force of attraction between them is

A

stronger

32
Q

The closer the objects are to each other the stronger/weaker the gravitational force of attraction between them is

A

stronger

33
Q

weight

A

the gravitational force exerted on the object by the earth/any other planet

34
Q

mass

A

the amount of matter that an object consists of

35
Q

What is mass measured in?

A

(Kg) Kilograms

36
Q

What is weight measured in?

A

(N) Newtons

37
Q

The mass of an object is perpetual/varies depending on where it is measured

A

perpetual

38
Q

The weight of an object is perpetual/varies depending on where it is measured

A

varies

39
Q

Gravitational acceleration

A

The Earths gravitational force causing everything to accelerate to its core.

40
Q

(g) means

A

gravitational acceleration

41
Q

(m) means

A

mass

42
Q

(Fg) means

A

Weight

43
Q

The unit for measuring gravitational acceleration is …

A

9,8m/s²

44
Q

Formula for calculating weight:

A

Fg = m x g

45
Q

Magnetic Force

A

A force that two magnetic materials exert on each other over a distance

46
Q

Magnets

A

Materials that have a strong magnetic field

47
Q

Name 3 magnetic materials:

A

Nickel,cobalt and iron
(NIC)

48
Q

What are alloys?

A

A mixture of two or more metals

49
Q

Give 1 example of an alloy

A

Steel

50
Q

Name 5 things that magnets all have in common :

A

Every magnet has:
1. A magnetic field around them
2. Two magnetic poles: South (S) and North (N)
3. Opposite poles attract each other
4. Like poles repel each other
5. If a magnet is allowed to flow freely(like a compass) it will turn and come to rest its North pole to the geographic North Pole of the Earth

51
Q

What is a magnetic field?

A

The space around a magnet in which it can attract or repel another object

52
Q

Magnetic field lines are always drawn from 1… pole to 2… pole

A
  1. North
  2. South
53
Q

The more lines drawn and the closer the field lines are together, the weaker/stronger the force is.

A

stronger

54
Q

The further you get away from the magnet the stronger/weaker the magnetic field gets

A

weaker

55
Q

What are the Northern lights called?

A

Aurora borealis

56
Q

What are the Southern lights called?

A

Aurora australis

57
Q

When is the beauty of the Northern and Southern lights created?

A

When charged particles from the sun spiral along the magnetic field lines and enter the Earth’s atmosphere at the poles, where they interact with the atmospheric gas particles, causing a light show.

58
Q

Electrostatic force

A

A force that two electrically charged objects exert on each other over a distance.

59
Q

What happens to the electrons when two neutral objects are rubbed together?

A

They are transferred from one of the objects to the other as a result of friction.

60
Q

What happens to the protons when two neutral objects are rubbed together?

A

The protons are held tightly in the nucleus of the atom with a strong force.

61
Q

When an object loses electrons, it will have more protons than electrons. This is called a … charged object charge.

A

positively

62
Q

When an object gains electrons, it will have more electrons than protons. This is called a … charged object charge.

A

negatively

63
Q

Lightning

A

The build up and discharged of electrons in certain areas of the cloud caused by friction from air,dust and water particles rubbing against each other inside the cloud.

physics grade 9 (3 decks)

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