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Physics Term 4 2021 > forces > Flashcards

forces Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the Effects of forces? (5)

A 
starts object to move
stops object moving
changes direction of moving object
rotate object
change the speed of an object
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2
Q

Permanent change?

temporary change?

A 
Permanent= plastic
temporary= elastic
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3
Q

what is force measured in?

A

Newtons (newton meter or spring balance)

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4
Q

resultant force?

A

A simple force that has the same effect as two or more forces acting on an object.

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5
Q

what is force

A

Pull or push exerted upon an object

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6
Q

3 types of forces for this exam?

A

contact and non-contact and forces on the same object (balanced/unbalanced)

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7
Q

Name 5 Characteristics of forces acting on the same object (balanced/unbalanced)?

A
  • equal or unequal in size
  • same or opposite directions
  • two or more
  • equal and opposite = cancel
  • ACT ON SAME OBJECT
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8
Q

FORCES ON SAME OBJECT:

which force change the state of motion and which doesn’t? (examples)

A

balanced= state of motion stays same (at rest or constant velocity)
Unbalanced- changes the state of motion(speed change or directional motion change)

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9
Q

Hence what would the net forces be for each?

A 
balanced= zero net force
unbalanced = non zero net (RESULTANT)
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10
Q

what are contact forces and give 3 types?

A

Two bodies in contact with each other
Friction
tension
compression

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11
Q

What is another name for non-contact forces?

A

Field forces

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12
Q

What are non-contact forces and give 3 types?

A

forces acting over a distance
gravitational
magnetic
electrostatic

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13
Q

attractive and repulsive?

A

attractive- gravitational

attractive and repulsive- magnetic and electrostatic

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14
Q

what is mass

A

amount of matter in an object

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15
Q

what is gravity

A

force of gravity acting on object to pull it down

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16
Q

another name for gravity

A

weight

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17
Q

does mass change?

A

mass stays the same everywhere

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18
Q

why does weight change?

A

due to the change in gravitational acceleration

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19
Q

why does gravitational acceleration change?

A

due to change in mass of objects and distance between objects

20
Q

formula for weight

A

Weight (N) = mass (kg) x gravitational acceleration (m.s -2)

21
Q

what type of objects do magnets attract specifically?

A

ferromagnetic- iron, steel, cobalt, nickel

22
Q

what is used to find the direction of a magnetic field?

A

compass

23
Q

what do opposites and like poles do?

A

opposites- attract

like poles- repel

24
Q

what are magnetic field lines

A

invisible field lines around magnets (occurs in a magnetic field and shows direction)

25
Q

things to remember when drawing magnetic field lines (4)

A

pattern
direction
never cross
line touches object

26
Q

characteristics of magnetic field lines (4)

A
  1. N to S outside magnet….S to in N inside the magnet
  2. Field lines never cross
  3. 3D magnetic field
  4. more lines = stronger magnetic field
27
Q

what is geographical south if earth treated as a magnet

A

North pole of ‘magnet’

28
Q

what is static electricity?

A

caused by build-up of electrical charge on object surface

29
Q

what is a charged atom

A

an ION

30
Q

what do negatively charged objects do?

A

gain electons

31
Q

what do positively charged objects do?

A

donate or lose electrons

32
Q

why are outside electrons easily donated

A

not attached to nucleus

33
Q

how can neutral objects be charged

A

friction cause transfer of electrons between objects

34
Q

what do substances on the positive side of series do?

A

donate electrons

35
Q

what is the law of conservation of energy

A

energy cannot be created or destroyed, it is merely transferred between objects

36
Q

what is the polarisation of charge?

A

occurs when a positive object is separated from the negative charge in an object s a result of another charged object being brought close ( OBJECT IS STILL NUETRAL)

37
Q

what is the discharge of charge

A

discharge of electrons when given a pathway. causes sparks, shock of static electricity.

38
Q

Purposes of gold leaf electroscope? (2)

A
  1. determine IF CHARGED

2. determine the charge

39
Q

name the 8 components of the electroscope?

A 
brass cap
insulation
glass window
brass rod
gold lead 
grounding terminal
brass plate
metal case
40
Q

what happens if a negatively charged object is brought to the electroscope

A

electrons move down and make both brass plate and gold leaf more negative than positive and repel

41
Q

what happens if the positive object is brought to the electroscope

A

electrons attract to object and go to brass cap. brass plate and gold leaf have more positive and repel

42
Q

what if an object is brought to a positively charged electroscope

A

if the leaf deflects further it’s positive as more electrons attracted to the brass cap
if a leaf falls down its negative as electrons are repelled to brass plate and positive leaf attracts to it and falls down

43
Q

what if an object is brought to a negatively charged electroscope

A

if the leaf deflects further it’s negative as more electrons to brass plate = further defection
if a leaf falls down its positive as electrons are attracted to brass cap and the brass plate has more positive charge + gold leaf is attracted.

44
Q

what is lightning?

A

discharge of charge built up In thunder clouds as air water particles rub and electrostatic charge is built up

45
Q

lightning safety precautions (4)

A
  1. dont shelter under trees (strikes highest point)
  2. dont take bath,shower or wash dishes
  3. don’t be close to bodies of water
  4. don’t go under roof without lightning conductor

Physics Term 4 2021 (3 decks)

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