Force, Motion and Types of Energy Flashcards
What is kinetic energy?
Answer: Kinetic energy is the energy of moving things.
What are some examples of kinetic energy?
Answer: a rolling ball, a swinging rope, a vibrating spring, small particles moving in matter (such as particles in air or water)
What are some examples of kinetic energy being transformed into potential energy?
Answer: Kinetic energy transforms into potential energy when an object moves uphill, when an elastic object such as a spring stretches out to its longest position, or when a pendulum swings up to its highest point.
What is the relationship between net force applied, mass, and change in motion of an object?
Answer: When a net force is applied to an object that has mass, the object will accelerate in the direction of the net force. If the forces acting on the object are balanced, there will be no acceleration.
What is potential energy and what are some examples of it?
Answer: Potential energy is energy that is stored in an object and can be released at a later time. Examples of potential energy include the energy in a book resting on a table above the ground, a stretched rubber band, and a battery.
What are two types of potential energy?
Answer: gravitational potential energy, chemical potential energy
What is the difference between potential energy and kinetic energy?
Answer: Potential energy is stored energy while kinetic energy is the energy of motion.
How does potential energy turn into kinetic energy?
Answer: Sometimes energy changes from one form to another. A book resting on a table has potential energy. If it is moved to the edge of the table, it will fall to the ground. As it falls the potential energy changes into kinetic energy, which is the energy of motion.
What is heat and what is temperature, and what is the difference between them?
Answer: Heat is energy that is transferred from a warmer object to a cooler object. Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles that make up an object. Heat is energy in transit, whereas temperature is a quantitative measure of the average transnational kinetic energy of the molecules of a substance.
What is the particle model of matter and how does it explain the changes of state that occur with variations in temperature or pressure?
Answer: The particle model of matter states that all matter is made of tiny particles that are in constant motion, have empty spaces between them and interact with each other. When the temperature of the particles of a solid increases sufficiently, the particles are able to move around and past each other while still maintaining close proximity with each other; this describes a liquid. As the temperature continues to increase, the particles move so fast that they are no longer bound to one another, and are free to move around the container and the space between the particles is relatively large; this describes a gas. Increasing the pressure of a gas can force the moving particles closer together, forming a liquid. At extremely high pressures, the liquid can even change into a solid.
How can energy be released or stored by chemical means?
Answer: Chemical energy is energy that is stored in the bonds of chemical compounds. When these bonds are broken during a chemical reaction, energy is absorbed from the surroundings; energy is stored in the chemical bonds. When new bonds are formed, energy is released to the surroundings, often as heat.
How is thermal energy transferred?
Answer: Heat can be transferred from one object to another by radiation, conduction, or convection.
What is the process for developing potential design solutions?
Answer: This process often begins with the open-ended goal of brainstorming ideas. From there, it moves to the generation of possible solutions that, by necessity, involve constraints and criteria. Modeling plays a crucial role in this process; the models can take numerous forms.
What is kinetic energy?
Answer: Kinetic energy is the energy of moving things.
What are some examples of kinetic energy?
Answer: a rolling ball, a swinging rope, a vibrating spring, small particles moving in matter (such as particles in air or water)
How does kinetic energy transform into potential energy?
Answer: Kinetic energy transforms into potential energy when an object moves uphill, when an elastic object such as a spring stretches out to its longest position, or when a pendulum swings up to its highest point.
