Force And Energy Flashcards
Work
The transfer of energy to a body by the application of a force that causes the body to move in the direction of the force.
Power
A quantity that measures the rate at which work is done or energy is transformed.
Mechanical advantage
A quantity that measures how much a machine multiples force or distance.
Joule
Units to measure work
Watt
Unit of measure for power
Simple machines
One of the six basic types of machines, which are the basics for all other forms of machines.
Compound machines
A machine made of more than one simple machine
Lever
All levers have a ridged arm that turns around a point called the fulcrum.
First class lever
Have a fulcrum located between the points of application of the input and output forces
Second class lever
The fulcrum is at one end of the arm and the input force is applied to the other end.
Third class lever
Multiply distance rather than force. As a result, they have mechanical advantage of less than 1.
Pulleys
It has the same concept as a lever. The middle point of the pulley acts like the fulcrum.
Block and tackle
Multiple pulleys put together.
Wheel and axle
It is made up of a lever or a pulley (the wheel) connected to a shaft (the axle)
Inclined plane
An inclined plane turns a small input force into a large output force by spreading the work out over a large distance.
Wedge
A wedge is just a modified incline plane
Screw
A screw is an incline plane wrapped around a cylinder
Potential energy
The energy that an object has because of the position, shape, or the condition of the object
Kinetic energy
The energy of a moving object due to the objects motion
Mechanical energy
The amount of work an object can do because of the objects kinetic and potential energies
Elastic potential energy
The energy stored in any type of stretched or compressed elastic material
Gravitational potential energy
Any system of two or more objects separated by a distance
Non mechanical energy
Energy that lies at the level of atoms and that does not affect motion on a large scale
Efficiency
A quantity, usually expressed as a percentage, that measures the ratio of useful work output to work input
Closed system
When the flow of energy into and out of a system is small enough that it can be ignored
Open system
Exchange energy with the space that surrounds them
Perpetual motion machine
A machine that can keep on going forever without any input of energy
