for the entrance test (bro what do u call it) Flashcards
what is first aid?
The immediate or temporary care given to a casualty
what is the role of a first-aider?
- Recognize that an emergency exists
- Decide to act
- Call Emergency Response
Provide care until help arrives.
what does HERO stand for?
Hijas Emergency Response Organization
If the face is pale, raise the _____?
If the face is red, raise the _____?
If the face is pale, raise the tail. (feet)
If the face is red, raise the head.
what is FAKIT?
First Aid Kit
You should give sweets and pinch a person when they faint. True of false?
False
what is convulsion?
An attack of consciousness, usually of violent onset accompanied by the rigidity of the muscles.
what are the symptoms of convulsion?
Jerky movements, bluish discoloration on the face,
what should you do when someone is having a convulsion?
TSB (Tepid Sponge Bath)
Place a cloth soaked in cool tap water on the warmed area.
what is the difference between a seizure and an epilepsy?
A seizure is a one-time thing, while epilepsy is a usual occurrence.
should you control the jerky movements of someone having a seizure? Yes or no?
no you should not. just secure the head, remove items around them, ensure they receive oxygen, always secure the airway, and guarantee the patient’s safety
what is a grand mal seizure?
A grand mal seizure causes a loss of consciousness and violent muscle contractions. It’s the type of seizure most people picture when they think about seizures.
what are the different stages of a grand mal seizure?
- Aura phase
- tonic + clonic
- recovery
what stage of a grand mal seizure does the patient’s awareness and consciousness begin to decline?
aura phase
what should be done during the aura phase of a grand mal seizure?
Secure the airway and clear surroundings,
Put the cloth in the mouth in this stage to prevent the tongue from being bit.
what should be done during the tonic (stiffening) and clonic (twitching or jerking) stage?
Secure the airway.
Put the cloth in the mouth in this stage to prevent the tongue from being bit.
Secure the safety of the patient
what happens during the recovery stage of a grand mal seizure?
The patient begins to regain consciousness.
what should you do during the recovery stage of a grand mal seizure?
Place the patient in a recovery position to clear any obstructions.
what is an allergy?
is a body’s reaction to foreign substances such as pollen or certain species that enters or comes in contact with the body.
give 3 examples of common allergy
- Pollen
- Food
- Dust mites
- Animals
- House dust
- Medication
- Air pollutants
- Bee stings
what are the four possible causes/entry routes of poisoning?
INGESTION - When casualty intakes or overdoses on harmful drugs. Do not let them vomit because it may cause further harm in the throat.
INHALATION - Inhaling intoxicated air, commonly caused by carbon monoxide (from cars.) Move them away and try to clear the airway.
ABSORPTION - When poison seeps through the skin, such as organic phosphate products (pesticides.) dust off then rinse with running water
INJECTION - When poison is injected into the body. Usually caused by bites or stings from various creatures. (snakes, bees, dogs, etc.) using a card push against the stinger (for bee)
what should be done when someone gets a snake bite?
Tie a tri-band around the supply artery to prevent the poisoned blood from flowing to the heart.
Tie then place a strong object and tie again then turn 1-2 times depending on tightness then secure it by wrapping the cloth
what is a wound/external injury?
A break in the continuity of the tissue can be internal or external (2-types of wounds)
what is a bruise?
A close wound which could be identified by the discoloration
when you use ice/ice packs when treating an injury, should you place it directly on the skin?
no.
what is an abrasion?
A scrape on the outer layer of the skin.
what is a laceration?
Jagged, irregular, or blunt break in the soft tissue
Apply pressure, wash with running water, control bleeding
what is an incision?
Commonly caused by knives, broken glass, or other sharp objects.
Wash with running water, apply pressure, cover with rolling gauze
what is a puncture?
it is caused by pointed objects.
Control bleeding (gauze), wrap with rolling gauze
what is an avulsion?
Involved the forcible separation or tearing tissue from the victim’s body
what are the different ways of controlling bleeding methods?
Direct pressure
Elevation
Pressure on supplying artery
Tourniquet
what is a hypovolemic shock?
A condition in which the body doesn’t have enough blood volume to circulate throughout the body.
what is the normal heart rate?
60-80 beats per minute (bpm)
what is the normal respiration rate?
12-20 breaths per minute
what is the normal blood pressure?
120/80
how do you measure someone’s heart rate?
Count how many beats in 10 secs and multiply by 6 to find bpm
how do you measure someone’s respiration rate?
Count how many inhale exhale there are in 30 secs then multiply by 2
how do you measure someone’s blood pressure?
use BP apparatus and pump to 200 and slowly release and take note of the loudest beat and when it ends
what is the purpose of a triangular bandage?
C ontrol bleeding
H olds dressing in place
I mmobilises injuries
P revent infection
what are the 3 kinds of triband folds?
broad, semi broad, and cravat
what are the two knots usually used when using a triband?
Overhand (right over left)
Square knot (right over left then left over right)
what is a burn?
any injury caused by heat/cold(thermal), chemicals, electric current and radiation.
what are the three levels of burns?
SUPERFICIAL BURN (1ST DEGREE) - Involves the top layer. (epidermis)
Reddening of skin
PARTIAL THICKNESS BURN (2ND DEGREE) - Involves the top 2 layers of the skin
Intense pain, white-red moist skin & mottled blisters.
FULL THICKNESS BURN (3RD DEGREE) - All skin layers and may involve subcutaneous layers, muscle, bone, and organs
