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Psy 150 > For sure on test > Flashcards

For sure on test Flashcards

1
Q

There is no evidence to suggest that the environment influences sexual orientation. (True or False)

A

True

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2
Q

Roy G & BIV and PEMDAS are examples of ________ that help you remember the colors of the rainbow and the order of math operations respectively.

A

Mneumonics

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3
Q

Give an example of gender expression

A

Clothing, makeup, haircut, interest, etc.

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4
Q

Automatic processing leads to memories that do NOT require conscious effort to recall. What type of memory is this?

A

Implicit

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5
Q

The law of effect which states “behaviors followed by favorable consequences are likely to continue” is proposed by whom?

A

Edward Thorndike

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6
Q

What is sexual orientation?

A

The gender to which you are attracted to.

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7
Q

What does the consequence of punishment do to a behavior or an action?

A

Decreases the likelihood of it occurring further

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8
Q

What is the difference between biological sex & gender?

A

Sex is based on psychology & biology, while gender is based on societies description of female and male.

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9
Q

One day a driver ran a stop sign and crashed into the side of Julia’s vehicle. Julia was not injured but the crash caused fear. Now she approaches the intersection she begins to feel scared and sweat. what is the US, UR, CS, Cr?

A 
US= Car crash
UR= scared/fear
CS= intersection
CR= scared/sweat
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10
Q

What is the smallest amount of stimulus you can detect 50% of the time?

A

Absolute Threshold

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11
Q

Having a clear detailed memory of an emotional experience is what type of memory?

A

Flashbulb memory

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12
Q

When Randy and James were running around the living room, they crashed into the XBox, breaking it. They no longer run through the living room. What type of operant conditioning is at work?

A

Negative Punishment

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13
Q

The taste of Umami indicated what about the survival function of that food source?

A

High in protein

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14
Q

How does the eye work???

A
  1. Look at the scene
  2. Retinal processing- rods and cones pick up energy
  3. feature detections- Brain’s detector cells that respond to specific features
  4. Parallel processing- brain cells combines information about color, movement, form, etc.
  5. Recognition- brain interprets the constructed image based on information from stored images.
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15
Q

B.F. Skinner is most well known for studying what type of learning?

A

Operant Conditioning

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16
Q

Short answer/open-ended test question require what type of measure of retention?

A

Recall

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17
Q

Little Albert experience was conducted by whom?

A

John Watson

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18
Q

What color is an individual likely seeing is she is receiving light waves that are short in wavelength and high in amplitude?

A

Bright Blue

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19
Q

Helps us see the black and white actions in our peripheral view and in the dark

A

Rods

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20
Q

After being introduce to a group of people you find you can only remember their name for a minute or two after. Their names were stored in your?

A

Short-term memory

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21
Q

Rods play what role in your vision?

A
  1. Allow us to see action in our peripheral view.

2. Allow us to see in the dark.

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22
Q

Help us see sharp colorful details in bright light

A

Cones

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23
Q

The Bobo Doll experiment was conducted by whom?

A

Albert Bandura

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24
Q

What is the definition of sex?

A

Pure biological, what society labels you.

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25
Q

What is the difference between sex and gender?

A

Sex is biological and gender is what society labels you as.

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26
Q

Societies expectation of behavior and the jobs they perform.

A

Gender roles

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27
Q

How an individual identifies themselves as.- pronouns such as “he” or “she”

A

Gender Identity

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28
Q

The way an individual expresses gender. (Short/Long Hair)

A

Gender expression

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29
Q

Acquiring gender identity by observing others. (and imitating).

A

Social Learning Theory

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30
Q

By the age of ___ years old kids know who they identify as.

A

4 years

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31
Q

How do you know if a kid identifies as a transgender?

A

Consistent, persistence, insistence transgender.

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32
Q

Transgender is NOT a phase. (True or False)

A

True

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33
Q

Gender identity is not the same as sexual orientation? (True or False)

A

True

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34
Q

40% of homeless youth are LGBT because of their gender preference. (True or False)

A

True

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35
Q

Homosexuality is linked with problems in a child’s relationship with his parents. (True or False)

A

False

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36
Q

Environment does NOT play a role in someone’s sexual orientation. (True or False)

A

True

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37
Q

Homosexuality involves the fear of opposite sex. (True or False)

A

False

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38
Q

The experiences through your senses of the outside world.

A

Sensation

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39
Q

How you decide to interpret those sensations

A

Perception

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40
Q

Sensation is the seeing and perception is the meaning. (True or False).

A

True

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41
Q

Transduction (3 steps)

A
  1. Receive information from the outside world. 2.Transform neural impulse.
  2. Delivered to brain where we begin to process.
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42
Q

Is it possible to have perception without sensation?

A

Yes, a person who is paralyzed can see the doctor tickling his foot but cannot feel it.

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43
Q

Is it possible to have sensation without perception?

A

Yes, hallucinations- you are experiencing something but there is nothing there or music in foreign language.

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44
Q

As you constantly experience something you become adaptive to it.

A

Sensory Adaptation

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45
Q

What is lower sensation/lower activity used for?

A

Survival

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46
Q

Expectations that you have, it influences how you perceive the situation.

A

Perceptual Set

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47
Q

What are our five senses?

A

Seeing, touching, smelling, hearing, tasting.

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48
Q

What does sweet represent?

A

Energy source

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49
Q

What does salty represent?

A

Sodium essential to psychological process

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50
Q

What does sour represent?

A

Would indicate that the food was poisoned. (potentially toxic acid).

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51
Q

What does bitter represent?

A

Potentially poisonous

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52
Q

When you’re young your taste buds are its full potential, as you grow older it decreases. Taste buds are becoming less sensitive. (True or False)

A

True

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53
Q

Wave length influences _________

A

Color

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54
Q

Short wavelength indicate______

A

Blue

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55
Q

Longer wavelength indicate____

A

Red

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56
Q

Big amplitude (height) of wavelength indicates_____

A

Bright colors

57
Q

Small amplitude (height) of wavelength indicates ____

A

Dull colors (Dark colors)

58
Q

Lets light in so you could see

A

Pupil

59
Q

Muscle that helps dilate and contract the pupil

A

Iris

60
Q

Helps project the light to see retina

A

Lens

61
Q

part of our eye that assists in processing light and sending signals to our brain to help translate what we see

A

Retina

62
Q

Two receptors of the retina

A
  1. Rods- helps us see black & white, helps us see in the dark, and peripheral view.
  2. Cones- help us see sharp colorful details in bright light.
63
Q

How does the eye work?

A
  1. Arrive at the scene.
  2. Retinal processing- rods and cones pick up energy
  3. feature detection- sent to the brain to specific areas
  4. Parallel processing: brain cells combines information about color, movement, form, etc.
  5. Recognition- brain interprets the constructed image based on information from stored images.
64
Q

According to this theory, there are three type of color receptor cones- red, green and blue. All the colors we perceive are created by light waves, stimulating combination of these cones.

A

Three Color Theory

65
Q

Process that our brain goes through so we can uderstand whats ggoing on

A

visual organization

66
Q

We learn through what three ways?

A

cognitive learning, association, and observation

67
Q

Automatic Responses

A

Classical Conditioning

68
Q

Father of classsicall conditioning

A

Ivan Pavlov

69
Q

A natural response

A

Unconditioned Response

70
Q

An object that produces a natural response

A

Unconditioned Stimulus

71
Q

Have to do something to the object to create a response

A

Conditioned Stimulus

72
Q

A response to the conditioned stimulus

A

Conditioned Respose

73
Q

Adding something desirable

A

Positive reinforcement

74
Q

Removing something negative (taking away something to keep behavior going)

A

Negative Reinforcement

75
Q

Bobo doll experiment

A

Albert Bendura

76
Q

Three types of memories

A

sensory, working, long-term

77
Q

Two ways to encode

A

Automatic (no effort)- brushing teeth, effortful (put effort into something) - studying for a test

78
Q

Memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously recall

A

Explicit memory

79
Q

retention independent of conscious memory

A

implicit memory

80
Q

This word refers to the attitudes, feelings, and behaviors that a given culture associates with a persib’s biological sex

A

Defenition of Gender

81
Q

Primary Sex Characteristics

A

Internal reproductive organs- ability to have kids, sex chromosomes

82
Q

Secondary sex characteristics

A

external genitals- breast, facial hair, etc

83
Q

Klinefelter Syndrome (male born with an extra x chromosome) & Turner Syndrome (female born with extra Y chromsome) are both ______ _______.

A

Sexual Variations

84
Q

Men’s lack to produce sperm and woman’s lack of interest in sex are both ____ _____

A

sexual disorders

85
Q

How do we learn gender?

A

Social Learning Theory- by observing others

Gender schemas- interpreting and organizing gender roles

86
Q

Consistence, persistence, insistance are all signs that _____________.

A

A kids is transgender

87
Q

The gender to which an individual is attracted; the fact of being heterosexual, homosexual, or bisexual

A

Sexual Orientation

88
Q

Brain differences, genetic differences, prenatal differences are all characteristics of __________

A

biological sex

89
Q

Kylie Jenner and Kendall shirtless are both an example of _______

A

sexualization of girls.

90
Q

Give an example of perception without sensation.

A

A person who is perilized but can see that someone is touching their foot.

91
Q

Give an example of sensation without perception.

A

Drugs

92
Q

As you consistantly become exposed to something you become adaptive to it.

A

Sensory Adaption

93
Q

Perceptual Set

A

Expectations that you have, it influences how you perceive the situation.

94
Q

Taste: Energy source

A

Sweet

95
Q

sodium essential to physicological processes

A

Salty

96
Q

Taste: potentially toxic acid

A

Sour

97
Q

Potentioally poisonus

A

Bitter

98
Q

Proteins to grow and repaid tissue (full of protein)

A

Umani

99
Q

Short wavelength indicates what color?

A

Blue

100
Q

Long wavelength indicated what color?

A

Red

101
Q

Big aplitude (tall wavelengths) indicate what shade of colors?

A

Bright colors

102
Q

Small amplitude (short wavelengths) indicate what shade of colors?

A

Dull (dark) colors

103
Q

grouping incomplete parts into gestalt wholes, seeing figures standing out against background, perceiving form and depth are all strategies of ……….?

A

Visual Organizatin Strategies

104
Q

the level of stimulation requiered to trigger a neural impulse

A

Thresholds

105
Q

the system for sensing the position and movement of individual body parts

A

kinesthesis

106
Q

What does the iris do?

A

responsible for controlling the diameter and size of the pupil and thus the amount of light reaching the retina.

107
Q

What does the lens do?

A

helps to focus light and images on your retina.

108
Q

What does the pupil do?

A

allows light to come in

109
Q

What does the cornea do?

A

acts as the eye’s outermost lens

110
Q

What does retina do?

A

contains the rods and cones plus layers of neurons that beging the processing of virtual information.

111
Q

What does the fovea do?

A

it is where the cones cluster

112
Q

Classical conditioning

A

automatic/reflective response (knowing that fire is dangerious or if you see something coming that is going to hit you you should move out)

113
Q

Operant conditioning

A

Voluntary actions/consequences (throwing ou the trash because you know you’re going to be recognized)

114
Q

Ivan Povlovs experimented with what animal and what object?

A

Dog and a bell

115
Q

Who stated that “responses that produce a satisfying effect in a particular situation become more likely to occur again in that situation, and responses that produce a discomforting effect become less likely to occur again in that situation.”

A

Edward Thorndike

116
Q

How do you shape something into doing what you want?

A

Teach a dog how to roll. Reward them for their behavior. Then, they’ll be more likely to do it next time.

117
Q

What conditioning involves adjusting to the consequences of our behavior?

A

Operant

118
Q

What does negative reinforcemnt do?

A

Subtracting something negative so actions increase

119
Q

What does positive punishment do?

A

Adding/punishing so actions decrease

120
Q

Positive reinforcement

A

Add something desirable to stop behavior

121
Q

Negative reinforcement

A

Subtract something desirable to continue behavior

122
Q

What are two ways of observing and learning?

A

Modeling- cthe bahavior of others serves as a model

Vicarious conditioning- our choices are affected as we see others get consequences for their behaviors.

123
Q

Encoding, storage, and retrieval is the aprocess of ______

A

information processing

124
Q

What are the three types of memories to Attkinson Shiffrin model of memory foundation?

A

sensory memory, short term memory, long term memory

125
Q

This memory is active processing in short-term memory. It integratices sensory memory with long-term memory.

A

working memory

126
Q

_____ processing and ____ memories does not requiere conscious effort.

A

Automatic processing; implicit memories (space, time, frequency)

127
Q

_____ processing and _____ memory requiere effort to recall.

A

Effortful processing; Explicit memory (example: if you loose something you recall where you saw the object the last time you saw it)

128
Q

chunking (grouping), mneumonics, rehearsal, making information personally meaninful are all part of what strategy?

A

effortful processing strategy

129
Q

“A stronger emotional experience makes for stronger, more reliable memories”

A

true

130
Q

the continued possesion, use, or control of something

A

retention

131
Q
  1. recall, recognition, relearning. (how to get to school, how to drive)
A

measures of retention

132
Q

form of amnesia that can recall past but cannot form new memories

A

Anterograde

133
Q

Memory construction errors

A

memory is not precise. (age can cause this, the way someone asks you a question, etc).

134
Q

how does learning happen?

A

we learn through cognitive learning, association, and observation.

135
Q

father of classical conditioning

A

Ivan Pavlov

136
Q

Individuals whose gender identity does NOT match their biological sex are_______

A

transgender

137
Q

Give an example of short-term memory

A

someone’s name that you just met, a phone number

138
Q

Give an example of long-term memory

A

ability to remember how to drive, your parents name,

139
Q

Give an example of working memory

A

memory that is in the process; learning your times tables

Psy 150 (1 decks)

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