for quiz number 1 something Flashcards
What does food processing refer to?
Food processing refers to transforming raw ingredients into consumable food products through various physical, chemical, and biological methods. This includes washing, cutting, canning, freezing, and pasteurization. Objectives include ensuring food safety, extending shelf life, enhancing flavor, improving nutritional value, and facilitating distribution and convenience.
What are the origins of food processing?
Food processing has ancient roots. Early humans used basic preservation techniques to make food safer and more durable, enabling food storage and creation of new flavors and textures.
What preservation methods were used in prehistoric times?
Sun Drying and Smoking: Used sun and smoke to preserve meat, fish, and fruits. Fermentation: Allowed production of alcoholic beverages, leavened bread, yogurt, and cheese.
What methods were used by ancient civilizations for food preservation?
Salting and Pickling: Used salt and vinegar/brine to preserve fish, meat, and vegetables. Grain Milling: Processing of grains into flour enabled widespread bread production.
What food preservation advancements occurred during the Middle Ages?
Canning and Bottling: Concepts of sealing food in containers laid groundwork for future advancements. Spices and Herbs: Used for flavor and preservation.
What were the key food processing advancements during the Industrial Revolution?
Canning: Developed by Nicolas Appert in the early 19th century to preserve food by sealing in airtight containers and heating. Pasteurization: Discovered by Louis Pasteur to kill bacteria and extend shelf life.
What food processing advancements occurred in the 20th century?
Freezing: Revolutionized food preservation with mechanical refrigeration. Dehydration: Advances like spray drying and freeze-drying enabled lightweight, shelf-stable foods. Convenience Foods: Rise of processed foods like canned soups and frozen dinners.
What are the modern food processing methods?
High-Pressure Processing (HPP): Uses high pressure to inactivate pathogens without high temperatures. Aseptic Processing: Sterilizes food and packaging separately, then combines them in a sterile environment. Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology: Enhances food quality and resistance using GMOs and biotechnology.
What are the key concepts in food processing?
Preservation: Methods to prevent spoilage and extend shelf life (e.g., pasteurization, freezing). Safety: Ensures food is free from harmful microorganisms. Quality Control: Maintains desired taste, texture, and nutritional value. Nutritional Enhancement: Adds or preserves essential nutrients.
What is thermal processing in food processing?
Pasteurization: Heats food to kill harmful microorganisms without significantly affecting quality. Sterilization: Applies higher temperatures to destroy all microorganisms, making food shelf-stable.
What are the mechanical processing methods used in food processing?
Cutting, Grinding, and Mixing: Alters the size, shape, and consistency of food. Extrusion: Forces food material through a shaped opening to create products like pasta and snacks.
What are the dehydration methods in food processing?
Drying: Removes water to inhibit microbial growth. Freeze-Drying: Removes water through sublimation, preserving texture and nutritional value.
What are the types of fermentation in food processing?
Lactic Acid Fermentation: Uses beneficial bacteria to convert sugars into lactic acid (e.g., yogurt, sauerkraut). Alcoholic Fermentation: Uses yeast to convert sugars into alcohol and carbon dioxide (e.g., beer, wine).
What are the packaging methods in food processing?
Canning: Sealing food in airtight containers and heat processing. Vacuum Sealing: Removes air to reduce oxidation. Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP): Alters atmospheric composition inside packaging to extend shelf life.
What are the benefits of food processing?
Food Safety: Reduces foodborne illness risk. Extended Shelf Life: Prevents spoilage and waste. Convenience: Ready-to-eat options save time. Enhanced Nutritional Value: Fortification improves health. Economic Benefits: Supports large-scale production and commercialization.
