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1
Q

object in space that orbits or circles around a larger object

A

satellite

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2
Q

is an object that has been intentionally placed into orbit that relays and amplifies radio telecommunications signals

A

artificial satellite

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3
Q

Applications Satellite

A

Voice/Telephone
Television/Radio Broadcast
Network/Internet
Navigation and GPS
scientific research
Meteorology

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4
Q

The path of a celestial body or an artificial satellite that revolves around another body

A

Orbit

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5
Q

Orbit common classification:

A

Low Earth Orbit (LEO)
Middle Earth Orbit (MEO)
Geostationary Orbit (GEO)
Geosynchronous Orbit (GSO)
High Earth Orbit (HEO)

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6
Q

technique used to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of received signals,eliminate undesirable interference sources and focus transmitted signals to specific locations

A

Beanforming

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7
Q

Advantages of Satellite

A

*Cost is independent of the distance between earth stations
*Cost advantage over building land lines for remote locations
*Cost effective for short term requirements Mobility
*Adaptable and versatile for multiple applications (Voice, Video, Data)

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8
Q

Disadvantages

A

*High cost of equipment
*Limited frequency spectrum
SC
* Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) (power lines, terrestrial communications)
*Susceptible to some environmental conditions (rain, snow, solar outages)

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9
Q

One-way Communication

A

Broadcast, Multicast

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10
Q

Examples of One way communication

A

Examples: Broadcasting satellite services like Radio, TV, GPS, Weather Monitoring

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11
Q

Two-way Communication

A

Point-to-point

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12
Q

Example two way communication

A

Examples: tracking telemetry and control (TT&C) system, Internet services.

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13
Q

Converts information into an analogue Receives Signal and transmits it to the satellite , Amplifies Down converts
Retransmit

A

Uplink Earth Station

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14
Q

Receives the signal and recovers the Loss Loss Original information

A

down-link earth stations

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15
Q

Parabolic Antenna

A

Parabolic Antenna
* Uses the parabolic geometry to create a highly directional beam
*The point of source is placed at the focus of the parabola to direct radio waves In a narrow beam or receive signals from a particular direction
* The reflector is made of a material that reflects radio waves

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16
Q

Satellite Components

A

*Consists of multiple subsystems that allow It to operate and to provide services throughout Its expected lifetime
*Transponders are segments of the nsatellite bandwidth
* Transponders receive, amplify, filter convert and rebroadcast a signal

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17
Q

a device that is intended to convert an analog signal between a lower frequency and a higher frequency

A

Up and Down Converter and mixer

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18
Q

electromagnetic radiation that consist of synchronized oscillations of electric and magnetic fields. measured bt its frequency or wavelength

A

electromagnetic wave

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19
Q

property in which the directiin and magnitude of the electromagnetic wave is propagated in a specific way

A

Polarization

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20
Q

types of polarization

A

Linear, Circular and Elliptical

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21
Q

types of linear polarization

A

horizontal and Vertical polarization

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22
Q

Circular and Elliptical

A

Left and Right Polarization

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23
Q

Frequency Bands

A

C band (4-8 GHz)
X band (8-12 GHz)
Ku Band (12-18 GHz)
Ka Band (26-40 GHz)

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24
Q

Ka Band

A

27-40 GHz, 1.1-0.2 cm Rarely used for SAR (Airport Surveillance)

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25
Q

K band

A

18-27 GHz, 1.7-1.1 cm, H20 absorption

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26
Q

Ku band

A

12-18GHz, 2.4-1.7 cm satellitr altimetry

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27
Q

types of earth stations

A

fixed, portable and Satellite on the Move (SOTM)

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28
Q

types of SOTM

A

Ground Vehicles, Maritime and Airborne

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29
Q

converts information into a signal that can be transmitted

A

Modulators, Demodulators and Modems

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30
Q

Block up converter and Low noise block

A

Amplifiers

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31
Q

Interference, Polarization

A

Filters

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32
Q

Material,Design,Size

A

Reflector

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33
Q

components or subsystems of an earth station installed in an outdoor location

A

outdoor unit (ODU)

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34
Q

components or subsystems of an earth station installed in an indoor locati9n or weatherproof shelter

A

Indoor Unit (IDU)

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35
Q

cable system to connect an ODU and IDU

A

Interfacility Link (IFL)

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36
Q

ODU

A

Antenna and Antenna Base
Feed Horn
Filters
LNB
BUC

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37
Q

tells you the direction to face

A

azimuth

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38
Q

tells you how high up in the sky to look

A

elevation

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39
Q

IDU

A

Modulators
Demodulators
Satellite Receivers
Modems
Tracking Devices

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40
Q

IFL

A

Radiofrequency Signals
Monitor and Control (M&C)
Power

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41
Q

summary of all power gains and losses

A

Link Budget

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42
Q

Considerations for Product Selection

A

Terminals
*band and frequency range
*nature of application
*auto or manuel acquisition
*size and portability
BUCs
*band and frequency range
*output power
*nature of application
*special requirements
LNBs
*band and frequency range
*gain
*frequency stability and reference
*phase noise

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43
Q

Calculate loss of signal strength along a path in space

A

free space path loss

44
Q

application of FSPL

A

*estimating the best case for path loss at a given distance and frequency

45
Q

Radiation patterns caused by diffraction of the transmitted signals

A

Fresnel Zones

46
Q

two types of satellite

A

natural satellites, artificial satellites

47
Q

for example- earth revolves around the sun, so it is a satellite. Moon revolves around earth,so it is also a satellite

A

Natural Satellites

48
Q

designed and launched into space for a variety of purposes such as weather monitoring etc.

A

artificial satellites

49
Q

acronym: INSAT

A

Indian National Satellite System

50
Q

Acronym: IRS

A

Indian Remote Sensing Satellite

51
Q

acronym: GSAT

A

Global Satellite

52
Q

Basic Element of satellite communication

A

earth station,satellite,terrestrial system, user

53
Q

a satellite radio repeater which a satellite may have many.

A

transponder

54
Q

consist of one or more satellite space vehicles, a ground based station to control the operation of the system

A

Satellite System

55
Q

includes control mechanism that support the payload operation

A

bus

56
Q

the actual user information conveyed through the system

A

payload

57
Q

a type of satellite wherein it simply “bounces” signals from one place to another

A

passive reflector

58
Q

natural satellite of earth, visible by reflection of sunlight having a slightly elliptical orbit

A

moon

59
Q

used by passive satellites for tracking and ranging purposes

A

radio beacon transmitters

60
Q

launched by russia first active earth satellite in 1957.

A

Sputnik I

61
Q

type of satellite capable of receiving,amplifying, reshaping,regenerating and retransmitting information

A

active satellite

62
Q

satellite launched by U.S., transmitted telemetry information for nearly five months

A

Explorer I

63
Q

satellite launched by NASA in 1958, a 150 pound conical shaped satellite. the first artificial satellite used for relaying terrestrial communications

A

score

64
Q

first active satellite to simultaneously receive and transmit radio signals

A

Telstar I

65
Q

lauched in 1963, and was used for telephone television, facsimile and data transmission and accomplished the first successful transatlantic video transmission

A

Telstar II

66
Q

launched in february 1963, first attempt to place a geosynchronous satellite into orbit

A

Syncom I

67
Q

First commercial telecommunications satellite. launched from cape kennedy in 1965 and used two transponders.

A

Intelsat I

68
Q

Domestic satellite launched by former soviet union in 1966. it means lighting

A

Molniya

69
Q

Domestic Satellites is also known as

A

Domsat

70
Q

German Astronomer who discovered the laws that governs satellite motion

A

Johannes Kepler

71
Q

point in an orbit closest to earth

A

Perigee

72
Q

point in an orbit farthest from the earth

A

apogee

73
Q

line joining the perigee and apogee through the center of earth, sometimes called line of apsides

A

major axis

74
Q

line perpendicular to the major axis and halfway between the perigee and apogee

A

minor axis

75
Q

path that a satellite can follow as it rotates around the earth

A

inclined,equatorial or polar

76
Q

all satellite rotate around earth in an orbit that forms a plane that passes through the center of gravity of earth

A

geocenter

77
Q

virtually all orbits except those that travel directly above the equator or directly over the north and south poles

A

inclined orbits

78
Q

states that the square of the periodic time of orbit is proportional to the cube of the mean distance between the primary and the satellite.

A

harmonic law

79
Q

high altitude earth orbit satellites operating primarily in the 2 GHz frequency spectrum with orbits satellite 22,300 miles above earth surface

A

geosynchronous satellite

80
Q

angle between the earths equatorial plane and the orbital plane of a satellite measured counter clockwise at the point in the orbit.

A

angle of inclination

81
Q

point where the polar or inclines orbit crosses the equatorial plane travelling from north to south

A

descending node

82
Q

line joining the ascending and descending nodes

A

line of nodes

83
Q

it is when the satellite rotates in an orbit direct above the equator, usually in a circular path

A

equatorial orbit

84
Q

satellite rotates in path that takes over the north and south poles in an orbit that is close to earth and passes over and very close to both the north and south poles

A

polar orbit

85
Q

important effect of the Earth’s equatorial bulge is causing elliptical orbits to rotate in a manner that causes the apogee and perigee to move around the earth

A

rotation of the line of apside

86
Q

a geosynchronous earth is sometimes referred to it after arthur clarke

A

clarke orbit or clarke belt

87
Q

to optimize the performance of a satellite communications system, the direction of maximum gain of an earth station antenna must be pointed directly at the satellite

A

antenna look angles or boresight

88
Q

to ensure that the earth station antenna is aligned, two angles must be determined

A

azimuth and elevation angle

89
Q

the location identified by a point on the surface of earth directly below the satellite

A

SSP or subsatellite point

90
Q

vertical angle formed between the direction of travel of an electromagnetic wave radiated from an earth station antenna pointing directly toward a satellite and the horizontal plane

A

elevation angle

91
Q

horizontal angular distance from a reference direction,either the southern or northern most point of the horizon

A

Azimuth

92
Q

defined as the horizontal pointing angle of an earth station antenna

A

Azimuth Angle

93
Q

determine the farthest satellite away that can be seen looking east or west of the earth’s longitude

A

limits of visibility

94
Q

primary classifications for communication

A

Spinners and three-axus stabilizer satellites

95
Q

uses the angular momentum of its spinning body to provide roll and yaw stabiliztion

A

Spinner Satellites

96
Q

the body remains fixed relative to Earth’s surface while an internal subsystem provides roll and yaw stabilization

A

three axis stabilizer satellites

97
Q

a frequency from earth station-to-transponder

A

Uplink Frequency

98
Q

a frequency from transponder to earth station

A

downlink frequency

99
Q

services by satellite

A

fixed point, broadcast,mobile, intersatellites

100
Q

the geographical representation of a satellite antenna’s radiation pattern

A

footprint or footprint map

101
Q

smallest beams,concentrate their poeer to very small geographical areas

A

spot beams

102
Q

have wider beams that can accommodate the wide area with low concentration power

A

zonal beams

103
Q

typically target up to 20% of the earth surface and therefore have EiRPs that are 3dB or 50% lower than spot beams

A

hemispherical beams

104
Q

radiation patterns of earth coverage antennas have a beamwidth of approximately 17•

A

Earth Beams

105
Q

an elliptically shaped area formed in the region between transmitter and receiver

A

Fresnel Zone

ecel videos (4 decks)

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