For My Love Flashcards
(457 cards)
1
Q
Budd-Chiari Syndrome
A
Abdominal pain, aseites, hepatomegaly
2
Q
Clostridium
A
Abdominal pain, diarrhea, leukocytosis, recent antibiotic use
3
Q
Familial hypercholesterolemia
A
Achilles’ tendon xanthoma
4
Q
Waterhouse-Friderichen syndrome (meningococcemia)
A
Adrenal Hemorrhage, hypotension, DIC
5
Q
IgA deficiency
A
Anaphylaxis following blood transfusion
6
Q
Anterior cruciate ligament injury
A
Anterior “drawer sign”
7
Q
Marfan syndrome (fibrillin defect)
A
Arachnodactyly, lens dislocation (upward), aortic dissection, hyperflexible joints
8
Q
2 tonerythropoientin injection
A
Athlete with polycythemia
9
Q
Pott Disease (vertebral TB)
A
Back Pain, fever, night sweats
10
Q
Neurofibromatosis type 2
A
Bilateral acoustic schwannomas
11
Q
Sarcoidosis (noncaseating granulomas)
A
Bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis
12
Q
Mucor or Rhizopus fungeal infection
A
Black eschar on face of patient with diabetic ketoacidosis
13
Q
Osteogenesis imperfecta (type I collagen defect)
A
Blue sclera
14
Q
Burton line (lead poisoning)
A
Bluish line on gingiva
15
Q
Paget Disease of bone (osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity)
A
Bone pain, bone enlargement, arthritis
16
Q
Aortic regurgitation
A
Bounding pulses, wide pulse pressure, diastolic heart murmur, head Bobbing
17
Q
Systemic lupus erythemalosus
A
“Butterfly” facial rash and Raynaud phenomenon in a young female
18
Q
Neurofibromatosis type I
A
Cafe-si-lait spots, Lisch nodules (iris hamartoma), cutaneous neurofibromas, pheochromocytomas, optic gliomas
19
Q
McCune-Albright syndrome (mosaic G-Protein signaling mutation)
A
Cafe-ah-lait spots (unilateral), polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, multiple endocrine abnormalities
20
Q
Muscle dystrophy (most commonly Duchenne, due to X-linked recessive frameshift mutation of dystrophin gene)
A
Calf pseudohypertrophy
21
Q
Kawasaki Disease (treat with IVIG and aspirin)
A
Cervical lymphadenopathy, desquamating rash, coronary aneurysms, red conjunction and tongue, hand-foot changes
22
Q
Tay-Sachs (ganglioside accumulation) or Norman-Pick (sphingomyelin accumulation), central retinal artery occlusion
A
“Cherry-red spots” on macula
23
Q
Angina (stable: with moderate exertion; unstable; with minimal exertion or at rest)
A
Chest pain on exertion
24
Q
Dresser Syndrome (autoimmune-mediated post-MI fibrinous pericarditis, 2 weeks to several months after acute episode)
A
Chest pain, pericardial effusion/effusion/friction rub, persistent fever following MI
25
Peyronie disease (connective tissue disorder)
Fibrous plaques in soft tissue of penis with abnormal curvature
26
Wilson Disease (Kayser-Fleischer rings due to copper accumulation)
Golden Brown rings around peripheral cornea
27
Lesche-Nyhan syndrome (HGPRT deficiency, X-linked recessive)
Gout, intellectual disability, self-mutilating behavior in a boy
28
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (inherited, benign polyposis can cause bowel obstruction; raise in cancer risk, mainly GI)
Hamartomatous GI polyps, hyperpigmentation of mouth/feet/hands/genitalia
29
Gaucher disease (glucocerebrosidase deficiency)
Hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia, osteoporosis, aseptic necrosis of femoral head, bone crises
30
Alport syndrome (mutation in collagen IV)
hereditary nephritis, sensorineural hearing loss, cataracts
31
Kluver-Bucy syndrome (bilateral amygdala lesion)
Hyperphagia, hypersexuality, hyperorality, hyperdocility
32
UMN Damage
Hyperreflexia, hypertonia, Babinski sign present
33
LMN Damage
Hyporeflexia, hypotonia, atrophy, fasciculations
34
Chronic bronchitis (hyperplasia of mucous cells, "blue bloater")
Hypoxemia, polycythemia, hypercapnia
35
Nonpainful chanbcre (1 degree syphilis, Treponema pallidum) Painful, with exudate: chancroid (haemophilus ducreyi)
Indurated, ulcerated genital lesion
36
Patau syndrome (trisomy 13)
infant with cleft lip/palate, microcephaly or holoprosencephaly, polydactyly, cutis aplasia
37
cori disease (debranching enzyme deficiency) or Von Gierke disease (gluicosse-6-phosphatase deficiency, more severe)
infant with hypoglycemia, hepatomegaly
38
Edwards Syndrome
Infant with microcephaly, rocker-bottom feet, clenched hands, and structural heart defect
39
Courvosier sign (distal malignant obstruction of biliary tree)
Jaundice, palpable distended non-tender gallbladder
40
Erythema chronicum migrans from Ixodes tick bite (Lyme disease: Borrelia)
Large rash with bull's eye appearance
41
Epidural hematoma (middle meningeal artery rupture)
Lucid interval after traumatic brain injury
42
Bruton disease (X-linked agammaglobulinemia)
Male child, recurrent infections, no mature B cells
43
Glanzmann thrombasthenia (defect in platelet aggregation due to lack of GpIIb/IIIa)
mucosal bleeding and prolonged bleeding time
44
Beck triad of cardiac tamponade
nuffled heart sounds, distended neck veins, hypotension
45
Gardner syndrome (subtype of FAP)
multiple colon polyps, osteomas/soft tisue tumors, impacted/sup\ernmerary teeth
46
Pompe disease (lysomal ?-1, 4-glucosidase deficiency)
Mypopathy (infantile hypertrophic cardiomyopathy), exercise intolerance
47
Erb-Duchenne palsy (superior trunk [C5-C6] brochial plexus injury: "waiter's tip")
Neonate with arm paralysis following difficult birth
48
Crigler-Najjar syndrome (congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)
severe jaundice in neonate
49
Rovsing sign (acute appendicitis)
severe RLQ pain with palpation of LLQ
50
Mcburney sign (acute appendicitis)
severe RLQ pain with deep tenderness
51
Fanconi anemia (genetic loss of DNA crosslink repair; often progresses to AML)
Short stature , café au lait spots, thumb/radial defects, raise incidence of tumors/leukemia, aplastic anemia
52
Down syndrome
Single palmar crease
53
Kartagener syndrome (dynein arm defect affecting cilia)
situs inversus, chronic sinusitis, bronchiectasis, infertility
54
1 degree adrenocortical insufficiency (eg, Addison disease) causes raised ACTH and raise ?-MSH production)
Skin hyperpigmentation, hypotension, fatigue
55
Becker muscular dystrophy (X-Linked missense mutation in dystrophin; less severe than Duchenne)
slow, progressive muscle weakness in boys
56
Koplik spots (measles [rubeola] virus)
small, irregular red spots on buccal/lingual mucosa with blue-white center
57
Condylomata lata (2 degree syphilis)
smooth, moist, painless, wart-like white lesions on genitals
58
Bacterial endocarditis
splinter hemorrhages in fingernails
59
Scarlet fever
| Kawasaki disease
"strawberry tongue"
60
Turner syndrome (45,XO)
streak ovaries, congenital heart disease, horeshoe kidney, cystic hygroma at birth, short stature, webbed neck, lymphedema
61
Gout/podagra (hyperuricemia)
Sudden swollen/painful big toe joint, tophi
62
Scurvy (vitamin C deficiency: can't hydroxylate proline/lysine for collagen synthesis)
swollen gums, mucosal bleeding, poor wound healing, petechiae
63
Osteoarthritis (osteophytes on PIP [Bouchard nodes], DIP [Heberden node])
swollen, hard, painful finger joints
64
Aortic stenosis
systolic ejection murmur (crescendo-decrescendo)
65
Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome (hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia)
Telangiectasis, recurrent epistaxis, skin discoloration, arteriovenous malformation, GI bleeding, hematuria
66
MEN 2A (autosomal dominant RET mutation)
Thyroid and parathyrois tumors, pheochromocytoma
67
MEN 2B (autosomal dominant RET mutation)
Thyroid tumors, pheochromocytoma, ganglioneuromatosis
68
Babinski sign (UMN lesion)
Toe extension/fanning upon plantar scrape
69
LMN facial nerve (CN VII) palsy; UMN lesions spare the forehead
unilateral facial drooping involving forehead
70
Reactive arthritis associated with HLA-B27
urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis in a male
71
Nevus flammeus (benign, but associated with Sturge-Weber syndrome)
vascular birthmark (port-wine stain) of the face
72
Mallory-Weiss syndrome (alcoholic and bulimic patients)
vomiting blood following gastroesophageal lacerations
73
Whipple disease (Tropheryma whipplei)
weight loss, diarrhea, arthritis, fever, adenopathy
74
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
"worst headache of my life"
75
Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)
Cariomegaly with apical atrophy
76
Rapidly progressive crescentic glamerulonephritis
Cellular crescents in Bowman capsule
77
Endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)
"Chocolate cyst" of ovary
78
Homer-Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medullblastoma)
Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils
79
Cystic fibrosis (autosomal recessive mutation in CFTR gene ->fat soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs)
Colonies of mucoid pseudomonas in lungs
80
Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormalities
Lower AFP in amniostic fluid/maternal serum
81
Tabes dorsalis (3 degree syphilis), subacute combined degeneration (doral columns, lateral corticospinal, spinocerebellar tracts affected)
Degeneration of dorsal column fibers
82
Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (Bundle of Kent bypass AV nodes)
"Delta wave" on EKG, short PR interval, supraventricular tachycardia
83
Parkinson disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia
Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra
84
Curschmann spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucous plugs
Desquamated epithelium casts sputum
85
Call-Exner bodies (granulosa cell tumor of the ovary)
Disarrayed granulosa cells arranged around collections of eosinophilic fluids
86
koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical cancer)
Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with "raisinoid" nuclei and hyperchromasia
87
Pericardial tamponade
Electrical alternans (alternating amplitude on EKG)
88
"Owl eye" appearance of CMV
Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies
89
"Orphan Annie" eyes nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)
Enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei with central clearing
90
Mallory body (alcoholic liver disease)
Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell
91
Lewy body (Parkinson disease and Lewy body dementia)
Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in neuron
92
Councilman body (viral hepatitis, yellow fever), represents hepatocyte undergoing apoptosis
Eosinophilic globule in liver
93
Negri bodies of rabies
Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal and cerebrellar neurons
94
Senile plaques (Alzheimer disease)
Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain
95
Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin lymphoma)
Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions ("owl's eye")
96
Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)
Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells
97
B-thalassemia, sickle cell disease (marrow expansion)
"Hair on end" ("Crew-cut") appearance on x-ray
98
Choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole (occurs with and without embryo, and multiple pregnancy)
hCG elevated
99
Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)
Heart nodules (granulomatous)
100
Infectious mononucleosis (EBV)
Heterophile antibodies
101
Bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules)
Hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretion
102
Neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer disease) and Pick bodies (Pick disease)
Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of tau protein
103
Meningiomas, papillary thyroid carcinoma, mesothelioma, papillary serous carcinoma of the endometrium and ovary
Psammoma bodies
104
Glioblastoma multiforme
Pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy
105
Aggressive bone lesion (eg, osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, osteomyelitis)
Raised periosteum (creating a "Codman triangle")
106
Glomerulonephritis
RBC casts in urine
107
Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor)
Rectangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells
108
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
Recurrent infections, eczema, thrombocytopenia
109
Intrinsic renal failure (eg, ischemia or toxic injury)
Renal epithelial casts in urine
110
Pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dehydrate crystals)
Rhomboid crystals, + birefringement
111
Coartation of the aorta
Rib notching (inferior surface, on x-ray)
112
Toxoplasma gondii, CNS lymphoma
Ring-enhancing brain lesion on CT/MRI in AIDS
113
Burkitt lymphoma (t[8:14] c-myc activation, associated with EBV; "STARRY SKY" made up of malignant cells"
Sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells with scattered pale, tangible body-laden macrophanges ("starry sky" histology)
114
Pick bodies (pick disease: progressive dementia, changes in personality)
Silver-straining spherical aggregation of tau protein in neurons
115
Giant cell tumor of the bone (generally benign)
"soap bubble" in femur or tibia on x-ray
116
Membranous nephropathy (nephrotic syndrome)
"Spikes" on basement membrane, "dome-like" subepithelial deposits
117
Rouleaux formation (high ESR, multiple myeloma)
stacks of RBCs
118
Croup (parainfluenza virus)
"steeple" sign on frontal CXR
119
"Clue cells" (Gardnerella vaginalis)
Bacteria-covered vaginal epithelial cells
120
Colon cancer
Streptococcus bovis bacteremia
121
Birbeck granules (Langerhans cell histiocytosis)
"Tennis racket"- shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells
122
Familial adenomatous polyposis (autosomal dominant, mutation of APC gene)
Thousands of polyps on colonoscopy
123
Lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs)
Thrombi made of white/red layers
124
Epiglottitis (Haemophilius influenza)
"Thumb sign" on lateral neck x-ray
125
Chronic pyelonephritis (usually due to recurrent infections)
Thyroid-like appearance of kidney
126
Membranoproliferation glomerulonephritis
"Tram-track" appearance of capillary loops of glomercular basement membranes on light microscopy
127
Fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)
Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles
128
Gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome, loop and thiazide diuretics
raise in uric acid levels
129
Antitoxin
Clostridium tetani
130
Ganciclovir, foscarnet, cidofovir
CMV
131
Corticosteroids, infliximab, azathioprine
Crohn Disease
132
Fluconazole (in AIDS patients)
Cryptococcus neoformans
133
Mesna
Cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis
134
SSRIs (first-line)
Depression
135
Desmopressin (central); hydrochlorothiazide, indomethacin, amiloride (nephrogenic)
Diabetes insipidus
136
Dietary intervention, (low carbohydrat) + insulin replacement
Diabetes mellitus 1
137
Dietary intervention, oral hypoglycemic, and insulin (if refractory)
Diabetes mellitus type 2
138
Fluids, insulin, K+
Diabetic ketoacidosis
139
Heparin
Drug of choice for anticoagulation during pregnancy
140
Vancomycin, aminopenicillins/cephalosporins
Enterococci
141
Sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil
Erectile dysfunction
142
Tamoxifen
ER + breast cancer
143
Fomepizole (alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor)
Ethylene glycol/menthol intoxication
144
Rifampin (prophylaxis)
Haemophilus influenza (B)
145
SSRIs, SNRI's (first line); buspirone (second line)
Generalized anxiety disorder
146
Cyclophosphamide, corticosteroids
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener)
147
Protamine sulfate
Heparin reversal
148
Trastuzumab
HER2/neu + breast cancer
149
Spironolactone
Hyperaldosternism
150
Statin (first line)
Hypercholesteremia
151
Fibrate
Hypertriglyceridemia
152
Heparin
Immediate anticoagulation
153
Leuprolide, GnRH (pulsatile), clomiphene
Infertility
154
Oseltamivir, zanamivir
Influenza
155
IVIG, high-dose aspirin
Kawasaki disease
156
Macrolides (eg, azithromycin)
Legionella pneumophila
157
Warfarin, dabigatran, rivaroxaban and apixaban
Long-term anticoagulation
158
Chloroquine, mefloquine, atovaquone/proguanil (for blood schizont), primaquine (for liver hypnozoite)
Malaria
159
Dantrolene
Malignant hyperthermia
160
Mifepristone
Medical abortion
161
Abortive therapies (eg, sumatriptan, NSAIDs); prophylaxis (eg, propranolol, topiramate, CCBs, amitriptyline)
Migraine
162
Penicillin
Treponema pallidum
163
Metronidazole (patient and partner)
Trichomonas vaginalis
164
Carbamazepine
Trigeminal neuralgia (tic doutoureux)
165
5-ASA preparations (eg, mesalamine), 6-mercaptopurine, infliximab, colectomy
Ulcerative colitis
166
TMP-SMX
UTI prophylaxis
167
Fresh frozen plasma (acute), vitamin K (non-acute)
Warfarin reversal
168
Precursor to squamous cell carcinoma
Actinic (solar) keratosis
169
Cushing ulcer ( raise in intracranial pressure stimulates vagal gastric H+ secretion)
Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury
170
Curling ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)
Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns
171
ALL; child, CLL; adult > 60, AML; ~65, cml; ADULT 45-85
Age ranges of transmural inflammation and normal colon
172
Skip lesions (Crohn disease)
Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon
173
Atherosclerosis
Aortic aneurysm, abdominal
174
3 degree syphilis (syphilis aortic aortitis), vasa vasorum destruction
Aortic aneurysm, ascending or arch
175
Marfan syndrome (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration)
Aortic aneurysm, thoracic
176
Hypertension
Aortic dissection
177
Wernicke encephalopathy )thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and confusion)
Atrophy of the mammillary bodies
178
Sickle cell disease (hemoglobin S)
Autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)
179
H pylori
Bacteria associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric malignancies (eg, adenocarcinoma, MALToma)
180
S pneumoniate
Bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly)
181
Group B streptococcus/E coli/Listeria monocytogenes (newborns), S pneumonia/ N meningitides (kids/teens)
Bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids)
182
Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet ring cells)
Bilateral ovarian metastases from gastric carcinoma
183
Bernard-Soulier syndrome (defect in platelet adhesion to von Willebrand factor)
Bleeding disorder with Gplb deficiency
184
Supratentorial: metastasis, astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme), meningioma, schwannoma
Brain tumor (adults)
185
Infratentorial: medulloblastoma (cerebellum) or supratentorial: craniopharyngioma
brain tumor (kids)
186
Invasive ductal carcinoma
beast cancer
187
Ascaris lumbricoides
Helminth infection (US)
188
Rupture of middle meningeal artery (trauma; lentiform shaped)
Hemaatoma- epidural
189
multiple blood transfusions or hereditary HFE mutation (can result in heart failure, "bronze diabetes," and raise risk of hepatocellular carcinoma)
Hemochromatosis
190
Cirrhotic liver (associated with hepatitis B and C and with alcoholism)
Hepatocellular carcinoma
191
von Willebrand disease
Hereditary bleeding disorder
192
Gilbert syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)
Hereditary harmless jaundice
193
Psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, IBD-associated arthritis, reactive arthritis (formerly Reiter syndrome)
HLA-B27
194
Diabetes Mellitus type 1, SLE, Graves disease, Hashimoto thyroiditis (also associated with HLA-DR5), Addison disease
HLA-DR3
195
Diabetes mellitus type 1, rheumatoid arthritis, Addison disease
HLA-DR4
196
VSD, tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation
Holosystolic murmur
197
Virchow triad (raise in risk of thrombosis)
Hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis
198
Renal artery stenosis, chronic kidney disease (eg, polycystic kidney disease, diabetic nephropathy)
Hypertension, 2degrees
199
Accidental excision during thyroidectomy
Hypoparathyroidism
200
Pituitary adenoma (usually benign tumor)
Hypopituitarism
201
Hepatitis C
Infection 2 degree to blood transfusion
202
S aureus, E coli, Aspergillus (catalase n+)
Infections in chronic granulomatous disease
203
Down syndrome, fragile X syndrome
Intellectual disability
204
Calcium = radiopaque
Struvite (ammonium) = radiopaque (formed by urease + organisms such as Klebsiella, Proteus species, and S saprophyticus)
Uric acid = radiolucent
Cystine = radiolucent
Kidney stones
205
Eisenmenger syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA; results in pulmonary hypertension/polycythemia
Late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected left to right becomes right to left)
206
Alcoholic cirrhosis
Liver disease
207
Gaucher disease
Lysosomal storage disease
208
Hodgkin lymphoma
Malignancy associated with noninfectious fever
209
Leukemia, brain tumors
Malignancy (kids)
210
Prostate, breast > lung, thyroid, kidney
Metastases to bone
211
Rupture of bridging veins (crescent shaped)
Hematoma- subdural
212
Renal cell carcinoma; associated with von Hippel-Lindau and cigarette smoking; paraneoplastic syndrome (EPO, renin, PTHrP, ACTH)
Renal Tumor
213
Cor pulmonale
Right heart failure due to a pulmonary cause
214
raise ventricular filling pressure (eg, mitral regurgitation, HF), common in dilated ventricles
S3 heart sound
215
Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy)
S4 heart sound
216
Hypcalcemia of chronic kidney disease
2 degree hyperparathyroidism
217
C trachomatis (usually coinfected with N gonorrhoease)
Sexually transmitted disease
218
Small cell carcinoma of the lung
SIADH
219
Sigmoid colon
site of diverticula
220
Abdominal aorta >coronary artery > popliteal artery > carotid artery
sites of atherosclerosis
221
Follicular lymphomas (BCL-2 activation, anti- apoptotic oncogene)
t(14;18)
222
Burkitt lymphomas (c-myc fusion, transcription factor oncogene)
t(8;14)
223
Philadelphia chromosome, CML (BCR-ABL activation, tyrosine kinase oncogene)
t(9;22)
224
Risk of ipsilateral blindness due to occlusion of ophthalmic artery; polymyalgia rheumatica
Temporal arteritis
225
Seminoma (malignant, radiosensitive), raise in placental ALP
Testicular tumor
226
Papillary carcinoma (childhood irradiation)
Thyroid cancer
227
Leioyoma (estrogen dependent, not precancerous)
Tumor in women
228
Strawberry hemangioma (grows rapidly and regresses spontaneously by childhood
Tumor of infancy
229
Pheochromocytoma (usually benign)
Tumor of the adrenal medulla (adults)
230
Neuroblastoma (malignant)
Tumor of the adrenal medulla (kids)
231
Nodular sclerosing (vs mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion)
Type of Hodgkin lymphoma
232
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma
233
E Coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus (young women)
UTI
234
Osteoporosis (type I: postmenopausal women; type II: elderly man or women)
Vertebral compression fracture
235
HSV-1
Viral encephalitis affecting temporal lobe
236
Folate (pregnant women are at high risk; body stores only 3-4- month supply; prevents neural tube defects)
Vitamin deficiency (USA)
237
Unstable angina (- troponins) or NSTEMI (+ troponins)
Chest Pain with ST depressions on EKG
238
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (Gowers sign)
Child uses arms to stand up from squat
239
Erythema infectiosum/ fifth disease ("slapped cheeks" appearance, caused by parvovirus B19)
Child with fever later develops red rash on face that spreads to body
240
Huntington disease (autosomal dominant CAG repeat expansion)
Chorea, dementia, caudate degeneration
241
Congenital toxoplasmoisis
Chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, intracranial calcifications
242
McArdle disease (skeletal muscle glycogen phosphorlayse deficiency)
Chronic exercise intolerance with myalgia, fatigue, painful cramps, myoglobinuria
243
Hypothyroidism
Cold intolerance
244
Internuclear opthalmoplegia (damage to MLF; may be unilateral or bilateral)
Conjugated horizontal gaze palsy, horizontal diplopia
245
PDA (close with indomethacin; keep open with PGE analogs)
Continuos "machine-like" heart murmur
246
Myxedema n(caused by hypothyroidism, Graves disease [pretibial])
Cutaneous/dermal edema due to connective tissue depositioin
247
Carcinoid syndrome (right-sided cardiac valvular lesions, raise 5-HIAA)
Cutaneous flushing, diarrhea, brochospasm
248
Kaposi sarcoma, associated with HHV-8
Dark purple skin/mouth nodules in a patient with AIDS
249
Diabetic ketoacidosis (Kussmaul respirations)
Deep, labored breathing/hyperventilation
250
Pellagra (niacin [vitamin B3] deficiency)
Dermatitis, demntia, diarrhea
251
Wet beriberi (thiamine [vitamin B1] deficiency)
Dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, alcoholism or malnutrition
252
Pasteurella multocida (cellulitis at inoculation of exocrine glands)
Dog or cat bite resulting in infection
253
Sjogren syndrome (autoimmune destruction of exocrine glands)
Dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis
254
Plummer-Vinson syndrome (may progress to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma)
Dysphagia (esophageal webs), glossitis, iron deficiency anemia
255
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (type V collagen defect, type III collagen defect seen in vascular subtype of ED)
Elastic skin, hypermobility of joints, raises bleeding tendency
256
Virchow node (abdominal metastasis)
Enlarged, hard left supraclavicular node
257
Meniere disease
Episodic vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss
258
Mycosis fungoides (cutaneous T-cell lymphoma) or Sezary syndrome (mycosis fungoides + malignant T cells in blood)
Erythrodema, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, atypical T cells
259
Chvostek sign (hypocalcemia)
facial muscle spasm upon tapping
260
Cholelithiasis (gallstones)
Fat, female, forty, and fertile
261
Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (rapid lysis of spirochetes results in endotoxin-like release)
Fever, chills, headache, myalgia following antibiotic treatment for syphilis
262
Measles
Fever, couch, conjunctivitis, coryza, diffuse rash
263
B symptoms of lymphoma
Fever, night sweats, weight loss
264
Sheehan syndrome (pituitary infarction)
no lactation postpartum, absent menstruation, cold intolerance
265
Multiple sclerosis
Nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech, bilateral internuclear opthalmoplegia
266
Cold agglutinin disease (autoimmune hemolytic anemia cause by Mycoplasma pneumonia, infectious mononucleosis, CLL)
Painful blue fingers/toes, hemolytic anemia
267
Raynaud phenomenon (vasospasm in extremities)
Painful fingers/toes changing color from white to blue to red with cold stress
268
Osler nodes (infective endocarditis, immune complex deposition)
painful, raised red lesions on pads of fingers/toes
269
Janeway-lesions (infective endocarditis, septic emboli/ microabscesses
Painless erythematous lesions on palms and soles
270
Cancer of the pancreatic head obstructing bile duct
Painless jaundice
271
Henoch- Schonlein purpura (IgA vasculitis affecting skin and kidney)
Palpable purpura on buttocks/legs, joint pain, abdominal pain (child), hematuria
272
Nephrotic syndrome
Periorbital and/or peripheral edema, proteinuria (> 3.5g/day), hypoalbuminemia, hypercholesterolemia
273
Emphysema ("Pink puffer", centriacinar [smoking] or panacinar [x1- antitrypsin deficiency])
Pink complexion, dyspnea, hyperventilation
274
Fanconi syndrome (multiple combined dysfunction of proximal convoluted tubule)
Polyuria, renal tubular acidosis type II, growth failure, electrolyte imbalances, hypophosphatemic rickets
275
Lichen planus
Pruritic, purple, polygonal planar papules and plaques (6 P's)
276
Horner syndrome (sympathetic chain lesion)
Ptsosis, miosis, anhidrosis
277
Neurosyphilis (Argyll Robertson pupil)
Pupil accommodates but doesn't react
278
Guillain-Barre syndrome (acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculopathy subtype
Rapidly progressive limb weakness that ascends following GI/upper respiratory infection
279
Coxsackie A, 2 degree syphilis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Rash on palms and soles
280
Hyper-IgE syndrome (Job syndrome: neutrophil chemotaxis abnormality)
Recurrent cold (noninflamed) abscesses, unusual eczema, high serum IgE
281
Klebsiella pneumonaise pneumonia
Red "current jelly" sputum in alcoholic or diabetic patients
282
Acute mesenteric ischemia (adults), intussusception (children)
Red "current jelly" stools
283
Paget disease of the breast (sign of underlying neoplasm)
Red, itchy, swollen rash of nipple/areola
284
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Red urine in the morning, fragile RBCs
285
von Hippel-Lindau disease (dominant tumor suppressor gene mutation)
Renal cell carcinoma (bilateral), hemangioblastomas, angiomatosis, pheochromocytoma
286
Parkinson Disease (loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta)
Resting tremor, rigidity, akinesia, postural instability, shuffling gait
287
Roth spots (bacterial endocarditis)
Retinal hemorrhages with pale centers
288
MEN 1 (autosomal dominant)
Pancreatic, pituitary, parathyroid tumors
289
Dating error, anencephaly, spina bifida (open neural tube defects)
raise AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
290
Scleroderma (CREST)
Anticentromere antibodies
291
Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)
Anti-desmoglein (anti-desmosome) antibodies
292
Goodpasture syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)
Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies
293
Drug-induced SLE (eg, hydralazine, isoniazid, phenytoin, procainamide)
Antihistone antibodies
294
Rheumatoid arthritis (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity)
Anti-IgG antibodies
295
1 degree biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal hypertension)
Antimitiochondrial antibodies (AMAs)
296
Microscopic polyangiitis and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (MPO-ANCA/p-ANCA); granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener; PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA); primary sclerosing cholangitis (MPO-ANCA/p-ANCA)
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)
297
SLE (type III hypersensitivity)
Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs: anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA)
298
Idiopathtic thrombocytopenic purpura
Antiplatelet antibodies
299
Diffuse systemic scleroderma
Anti-topoisomerase antibodies
300
Celiac disease (diarrhea, weight loss)
Anti-transglutaminase/ anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies
301
Colorectal cancer (usually left-sided)
"Apple core" lesion on branium enema x-ray
302
EBV
Atypical lymphocytes
303
Auer rods (AML, especially the promyelocytic [M3] type)
Azurophilic peroxidase + granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts
304
Sensitive: S pyogenes (group A); resistant: S agalactia (group B)
Bacitracin response
305
Ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis; HLA-B27)
"Bamboo spine" on x-ray
306
Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)
Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs
307
Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia
Basophilic stippling of RBCs
308
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Bloody or yellow tap on lumbar puncture
309
Tetralogy of Fallot (due to RVH)
"Boot-shaped" heart on x-ray
310
Actinomyces israelii
Branching gram = rods with sulfur granules
311
Pancoast tumor (can compress cervical sympathetic chain and cause Horner syndrome)
Bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging
312
Hyperthyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica (deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color)
"Brown" tumor of bone
313
DVT, PE DIC
High level of D-dimer
314
Ghon complex (1 degree TB: Mycobacterium bacilli)
Hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)
315
Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis
"Honeycomb lung" on x-ray or CT
316
Tousseau syndrome (adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung)
Hypercoagulability (leading to migrating DVTs and vasculitis)
317
Megaloblastic anemia (B12 deficiency: neurologic syndromes, folate deficiency: no neurological symptoms
Hypersegmented neutrophils
318
1 degree hyperaldosteronism ( Conn syndrome)
Hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis
319
Iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning, thalassemia (fetal hemoglobin sometimes present)
Hypochromic, microcytic anemia
320
Cowdry type A bodies (HSV or VZV)
Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies
321
Ferruginous bodies (asbestosis: raise chance of lung cancer)
Iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum
322
Squamous cell carcinoma
Keratin pearls on a skin biopsy
323
Chediak-Higashi disease (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation)
Large granules in phagocytes, immunodeficiency
324
Ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra)
"Lead pipe" appearance of colon on abdominal imaging
325
Goodpasture syndrome
Linear appearance of IgG deposition on glomerular and alveolar basement membranes
326
Wilson disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)
Low serum ceruloplasmin
327
Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (due to deposition of IgG, IgM, C3)
"Lumpy bumpy" appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence
328
Multiple myeloma
Lytic ("punched-out") bone lesions on x-ray
329
Fibrocystic change of the breast
Mammary Gland ("blue domed") cyst
330
```
Multiple myeloma (usually IgG or IgA)
Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS consequence of aging)
Waldenstrom (M protein = IgM) macroglobulinemia
Primary amyloidosis
```
Monoclonal antibody spike
331
"Signet ring" (gastric carcinoma)
Mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus
332
"String sign" (Crohn disease)
Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium x-ray
333
Granulomatosis with polyangitis (Wegener; PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA) and Goodpasture syndrome (anti-basement membrane antibodies)
Necrotizing vasulitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis
334
Gout (monosodium urate crystals)
Needle-shaped, (-) birefringent crystals
335
Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)
Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli
336
Sensitive: S epidermidis; resistant: S saprophyticus
Novobiocin response
337
Chronic passive congestion of liver due to right heart failure or Budd-Chiari syndrome
"Nutmeg" appearance of liver
338
Ewing sarcoma (malignant small blue cell tumor)
"Onion skin" periosteal reaction
339
Sensitive: S pneumonia; resist: viridans streptococci (S mutans, S sanguis)
Optochin sensitivity
340
Minimal change disease (child with nephrotic syndrome)
Podocyte fusion or "effacement" on electron microscopy
341
Chronic end-stage renal disease
"Waxy" casts with very low urine flow
342
Acute pyelonephritis
WBC casts in urine
343
CLL (almost always B cell)
WBCs that look "smudged"
344
Diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis (usually seen with lupus)
"Wire loop" glomerular capillary appearance on light microscopy
345
Xanthochromia (eg, due to subarachnoid hemorrhage)
Yellowish CSF
346
Ethosuximide
Absence seizures
347
NSAIDs, colchicine, glucocorticoids
Acute gout attack
348
All-trans retinoic acid
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (M3)
349
Methylphenidate, amphetamines, CBT, atomoxetine, guanfacine, chlonidine
ADHD
350
Disulfiram, acamprosate, naltrexone, supportive care
Alcoholism
351
Long-acting benzodiazepines
Alcohol withdrawal
352
Nutrition, psychotherapy, mirtazapine
Anorexia
353
Class IB antiarrythmic (lidocaine, mexiletine)
Arrythmia in damaged cardiac tissue
354
a1-antagonists, 5a-reductase inhibitors, PDE-5 inhibitors
Benign prostatic hyperplasia
355
Mood stabalizers (eg, lithium, valproic acid, carbamazepine), atypical antipsychotics
Bipolar disorder
356
Aromatase inhibitor (anastrozole)
Breast cancer in postmenopausal women
357
Smoking cessation
Buerger disease
358
SSRIs
Bulimia nervosa
359
Topic azoles (vaginitis); nystatin, fluconazole, casofungin (oral/esophageal); fluconazole, caspofungin, amphotericin B (systemic)
Candida albicans
360
Octreotide
Carcinoid syndrome
361
Doxycycline ( + ceftriaxone for gonorrhea coinfection), erythromycin eye drops (conjunctivitis prophylaxis in infants)
Chlamydia trachomatis
362
Xanthine oxidase inhibitors (eg, allopurinol, febuxostat); pegloticase; probenecid
Chronic Gout
363
IFN-a (HBV and HCV); ribavirin, simeprevir, sofobuvir (HCV)
Chronic Hepatitis B or C
364
Imatinib
Chronic myelogenous leukemia
365
Antitoxin
Clostridium botulinum
366
Oral metronidazole; if refractory; oral vancomycin
Clostridium difficile
367
Disease-modifying therapies (eg, B-interferon, natalizumab); for acute flares, use IV steroids
Multiple Sclerosis
368
RIPE (rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol)
Myobacterium tuberculosis
369
Ceftriaxone (add doxycycline to cover likely concurrent C trachomatis)
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
370
Penicillin/ceftriaxone, rifampin (prophylaxis)
Neisseria meningitidis
371
Prenatal folic acid
Neural tube defect prevention
372
Vatamin D supplement
Osteomalacia/ rickets
373
Calcium/vitamin D supplementation (prophylaxis); bisphosphonates, PTH analogs, SERMs, calcitonin, denosumab (treatment)
Osteoporosis
374
Close with indomethacin; keep open with PGE analogs
Patent ductus arteriosus
375
a-antagonists (eg, phenoxybenzamine)
Pheochromocytoma
376
TMP-SMX (prophylaxis and treatment in immunosuppressed patients)
Pneumocystis jirovecii
377
Cabergoline/ bromocriptine (dopamine agonists)
Prolactinoma
378
Leuprolide, GnRH (continuous)
Proststate adenocarcinoma
379
Flutamide
prostate adenocarcinoma
380
Antipseudomonal penicillins, aminoglycosides, carbapenems
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
381
Sildenafil, bosentan, epoprostenol
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (idiopathic)
382
Doxyxycline, chloramphenicol
Rickettsia rickettsii
383
Atypical antipsychotics
Schizophrenia (negative symptoms)
384
Typical and atypical antipsychotics
Schizophrenia (positive symptoms)
385
Fluid restriction, IV hypertonic saline, conivaptan/ tolvaptan, demeclocycline
SIADHH
386
Hydroxyurea (raise fetal hemoglobin)
Sickle cell disease
387
Itraconazole, oral potassium iodide
Sporothrix schenckii
388
Sublingual nitroglycerin
Stable angina
389
MSSA: nafacillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin (antistaphylococcal penicillins); MRSA: vancomycin, daptomycin, linezolid, ceftaroline
Staphylococcus aureus
390
Penicillin prophylaxis; evaluation for colon cancer if linked to endocarditis
Staphylococcus bovis
391
Penicillin/cephalosporin (systemic infection, pneumonia), vancomycin (meningitis)
Streptococcus pneumoniae
392
Penicillin prophylaxis
Streptococcus pyogenes
393
High-dose steroids
Temporal arteritis
394
Levetiracetam, phenytoin, valproate, carbamazepine
Tonic-clonic seizures
395
Sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
Toxoplasma gondii
396
Fibrocystic change, carcinoma (in postmenopausal women)
Breast mass
397
Fibroadenoma
Breast tumor (benign, young women)
398
Rhabroadenoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis
Cardiac 1 degree tumor (kids)
399
Marantic/thrombotic endocarditis (nonbacterial)
Cardiac manifestation of lupus
400
Metastasis, myxoma (90% in left atrium; "ball valve")
Cardiac tumor (adults)
401
Chiari I malformation
Cerebellar tonsillar herniation
402
Atrial fibrillation (associated with high risk of emboli)
Chronic arrhythmia
403
Predispotion to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)
Chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)
404
DES exposure in utero
Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina
405
21-hydroxylase deficiency
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension
406
VSD
Congenital cardiac anomaly
407
Dubin-johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)
Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)
408
TB (developing world); idiopathic viral illness (developed world)
Constrictive pericarditis
409
Iodine deficit/congenitalhypothyroidism
Cretinism
410
Iatrogenic (from corticosteroid therapy)
Adrenocortical adenoma (secretes excess cortisol)
ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma (Cushing disease)
Paraneoplastic (due to ACTH secretion by tumors)
Cushing syndrome
411
Tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosus
Cyanosis (early; less common)
412
Blast crisis
Death in CML
413
Lupus nephropathy
Death in SLE
414
Alzheimer disease, multiple infarcts (vascular dementia)
Dementia
415
Multiple sclerosis
Demyelinating disease in young women
416
Severe sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burns, trauma, major surgery, acute pancreatitis, APL
DIC
417
Zenker diverticulum (diagnosed by barium swallow)
Diverticulum in pharynx
418
Aortic stenosis
Ejection click
419
Squamous cell carcinoma (worldwide0; adenocarcinoma (US)
Esophageal cancer
420
S aureus, B cereus
Food poisoning
421
Adenocarcinoma
Gastric cancer
422
Berger disease (IgA nephropathy)
Glomerulonephritis (adults)
423
Endometrial carcinoma (most common in US); cervical carcinoma (most common worldwide)
Gynecologic malignancy
424
Mitral valve prolapse
Heart murmur, congenital
425
Mitral > aortic (rheumatic fever), tricuspid (IV drug abuse)
Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis
426
Lung > breast . prostate > melanoma > GI
Metastases to brain
427
Colon >> stomach > pancreas
Metastases to liver
428
Iron deficiency
Microcytic anemia
429
Disease occurs in both males and females, inherited through females only
Mitochondrial inheritance
430
Rheumatic heart disease
Mitral valve stenosis
431
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Mixed (UMN and LMN) motor neuron disease
432
Coxsackie B
Myocarditis
433
Membranous nephropathy
Nephrotic syndrome (adults)
434
Minimal change disease
Nephrotic syndrome (kids0
435
Kallmann syndrome (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and insomnia)
Neuron migration failure
436
S aureus, Pseudomonas, other enteric gram (-) rods
Nosocomial pneumonia
437
BPH
Obstruction of male urinary tract
438
Mitral stenosis
Opening snap
439
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia
Opportunistic infection in AIDS
440
S aureus (most common overall)
Osteomylitis
441
Salmonella
osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease
442
Pseudomonas, candida, S aureus
Osteomyelitis with IV drug use
443
Serous cystadenoma
Ovarian tumor (benign, bilateral)
444
Serus cystadenocarcinoma
Ovarian tumor (malignant)
445
Gallstones, alcohol
Pancreatitis (acute)
446
Alcohol (adults), cystic fibrosis (kids)
Pancreatitis (chronic)
447
C trachomatis, N gonorrheae
pelvic inflammatory disease
448
CML (may sometimes be associated with ALL/AML)
Philadelphia Chromosome t(9;22) (BCR-ABL)
449
Prolactinoma, somatotropic adenoma
Pituitary tumor
450
Turner syndrome (45,XO or 45,XO/46,XX mosaic)
1 degree amenorrhea
451
Multiple myeloma
1 degree bone tumor (adults)
452
Adrenal hyperplasia or adenoma
1 degree hyperaldosteronism
453
Adenomas, hyperplasia, carcinoma
1 degree hyperparathyroidism
454
Hepatocellular carcinoma (chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, a1-antitrypsin deficiency, Wilson disease)
1 degree liver cancer
455
Idiopathic, heritable, left heart disease (eg, HF), lung disease (COPD), hypoxemic vasoconstriction (eg, OSA), thromboembolic (eg, PE)
Pulmonary hypertension
456
Buerger disease (strongly associated with tabacco)
Recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels in extremities
457
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas), associated with MEN1
Refractory peptic ulcers and high gastrin levels
