for midterm Flashcards
what comes to mind when people say behavior modification?
coersion artifical manipulative briebery controlling time consuming takes patience
what is standard care
what is normal/ accepted/ reasonable care
what is the code of ethics and what are the parts
code of ethics says what is acceptable under certain conditions set goals choice of treatment voluntary participation guardianship approval treatment adequacy confidentiality referral procedures therapist qualifications
what are the parts of classical/ respondent/ reflective conditioning and what psychologists were involved?
introspection, intellegence testing, psychoanalysis
pavlov, watson, watson and raynon, mary clover jones
decribe pavlov’s experiment
salivary ammounts in dogs
explain watsons viewpoint
psych was a science and animals and humans were the same.
describe watson and raynons experiement
little albert…. became afraid of white rat
describe mary clover jones experiment
took 3 year old afraid of white rats and put him in comfortable environment (food) then slowly brought feard object toward him
what is operant conditioning/ instramental conditioning? and who were the psycologists involved?
S-R-S
theres a consequent stimulus from a behavior response
Edward thorndyke,
BF Skinner
What was Edward Thorndykes’s theory?
“law of effects”
a behavior is increased when followed by a pleasant or possitive
behavior is decreased when followed by an annoying or negative
What was BF Skinners theory
“behavior is a function of its consequences”
what is observational learning? what psychologists were involved?
“modeling”
1.aqquisition of information
2. perform
Bandura’s and Walter’s
What was bandura and walter’s experiment
Bo Bo doll
people act as they see others
behavior is learned
define antecedent stimulus
check with jim
cue
check with jim
prompt
S-O-R
organismic variable
genetics,
past reinforcment history,
PRESENT ENVIORNMENT
positive reineforcer
S-O-R-O-S
increases the strength of a response (frequency, Duration, intensity)
positive reinforcement
S effects the R
reward
becomes a reinforcer IF and ONLY IF it increases the strength of a behavior
Noxious Stimulus/ Adersive stimulus
escape or avoid
negative reinforcer
internal state where the organism feels releif from the stimulus
negative reinforcement
increasing escape
punishment
perception of a noxious stimulous constingent on a response
Shaping
- choose target behavior that occurs too infrequently to reinforce
- choose behaviors that are close approximations to targeted behavior
- selectively reinforce closer and closer approximation of the target
- reinforce with a CRF (continuous rate of reinforcement) scheduled
extinction
“not a reduction of behavior”
Withdrawl of a behavior
explain and extinction burst
withdrawl behavior
ignore bad bahavior
behavior gets worse
behavior gets better
what is the chartting factor?
someome keeps track/ record of what they are doing. Challenge is that they know they need to record, can influence results
what is close temperal continuity?
reienforce as quickly/ as soon as possible
what is a cummulative record?
number of behaviors, number of behaviors that occur over time
what are the regular schedules of reinforcement?
continuous rate of reinforcement, fixed ratio, variable ratio,fixed interval, superstitious schedule, fixed interval with limited hold, variable interval schedule, variable interval limitied hold, fixed duration,variable duration, extinction
define resistance to extinction
how strong the behavior is in the absence of the reinfircer
define rate of response
how quick and how often
CRF
continuous rate of rienforcement
FR=1
high rate, not resistant to extinction
Fixed ratio
number of behaviors required in order to get a rienforcer stays the same. very predictable, higher ratio=lower rate, ratio too high=extinction could occur, not resistant to extinction
VR
variable ratio, based of an average of time, no post reinforcer pause, not predictable, higher ratio=lower rate, very resistant to extinction
Fixed Interval
period of time when a behavior is not followed by a reinforcer. scalloping effect
Superstitious schedule
interval schedule where a correct response is not required
FI(LH)
fixed interval with a limited hold; fixed interval but only a limited amount of time for the correct response to occur
variable interval schedule
behavior gets response after interval, not predicatable, steady behavior, higher interval=lower rate, very resistant to extinction
VI(LH)
variable interval limited hold. limited time allowed for reienforcer to occur after interval
FD
fixed duration, set length of time in which the behavior must continuously occur, not very resistant to extinction.
VD
variable duration, reinforced over an average amount of time
extinction
not a reaction of behavior, withdrawl of a reinforcer. when reinforcement stops, behavior decreases
What are the differental schedules of reinforcement
DRL, DR0, DRo, DRA,DRI, DRIncrease
DRL
differental rate of reinforcement at low rates for behavior, decrease frequency of reineforcer
DR0
differential rate of zero
DRo
differential rate of other behavior
DRA
differential rate of alternative behavior
increase another behavior to decrease the other behavior
DRI
differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior, reinforcement of a behavior that eliminates or significantly reduces the target behavior
DRIncrease
differential response of increase behavior if a DRL response.
