Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Linguistics > For examination > Flashcards

For examination Flashcards

1
Q

Bow-wow theory

A

the idea that early human speech developed from imitations of natural sounds in the environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The pooh-pooh theory

A

the idea that early human speech developed from the instinctive sounds people make in emotional circumstances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The yo-he-ho theory

A

Language evolved from sounds made to resonate with natural sounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

onomatopeic words

A

words that are similar to the noises they describe

e.g) boom, bang, splash

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

innateness hypothesis

A

the idea that humans are genetically equipped to acquire language.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Reflexivity

A

when humans reflect on language and how to use it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

displacement

A

humans can refer to the past and future while animals cannot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Arbitrariness

A

a property of language describing the fact that there is no natural connection between a linguistic form and its meaning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

cultural transmission

A

the process by which one generation passes on language to the next

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Productivity

A

when humans create new expressions by manipulating their linguistic resources to describe new objects and situations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

duality

A

Human language is organized in two levels simultaneously: individual sounds and particular combinations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

phonetics

A

study of speech sounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

glottal stop

A

produced by a stoppage and sudden release of air at the level of the glottis. Common in the London working accent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

schwa

A

The vowel sound sometimes heard in an unstressed syllable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

flaps

A

produced when the tongue tip is tapping the alveolar ridge briefly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

phoneme

A

in a language, the smallest distinctive sound unit.

replace the phoneme and get another word

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

allophones

A

when you add a prefix on the phoneme e.g) -allo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

syllable

A

A unit of speech heard as a single sound; one “beat” of a word or phrase.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

assimilation

A

when two sound segments occur in a sequence and some aspects of one segment is taken or copied by the other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Elision

A

process of pronouncing a sound segment that might be present in the careful pronunciation of a word in isolation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Morphology

A

It’s the basic forms of language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Morphemes

A

Minimal unit of meaning or grammatical function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

free morphemes

A

can stand on their own as a single word

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

bound morphemes

A

cannot normally stand on their own

- typically attached to another form

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
lexical morphemes
words that carry the content of the messages we convey
26
functional morphemes
we almost never add new functional morphemes to the language, closed class of words
27
allomorphs
variant of morphemes | - using the prefix -allo
28
stems
bound morphemes + basic noun, verbs, adjectives and adverbs
29
derivational morphemes
use this to make new words or to make words of a different grammatical category from the stem
30
inflectional morphemes
used to indicate the grammatical function of a word
31
reduplication
repeating all forms or part of a form
32
agreement/ | concord
Happens when a word changes form depending on the other words to which it relates
33
prescriptive grammar
a set of rules about language based on how people think language should be
34
descriptive grammar
set of rules about hos language actually should be
35
natural gender
the biologival distinction between male and female
36
grammatical gender
based on the noun instead of the biology and not he sex
37
syntax
structure of phrase and sentences | - means putting together, arrangement
38
generative grammar
can be used to generate or produce sentence structures and not just describe them
39
deep structure
an abstract level of structural organisation in which all the elements are determining the structural interpretation represented
40
surface structure
the different syntactic forms they have as individual English sentences
41
deep structure
an abstract level of structural organisation in which all the elements determining structural interpretation are represented
42
structural ambiguity
potential of multiple interpretations for a piece of written or spoken language because of the way words or phrases are organised
43
semantics
the study of the meaning of words, phrases and sentences
44
associative meaning
particular qualities or characteristics that people often think about when hearing a word or a phrase
45
conceptual meaning
the literal core or meaning of a word eg) to kick the bucket eg) to die
46
semantic role
intiativtagaren i meningen
47
synonymy
two words that are closely related to their meaning eg) cop, police man, couch, sofa - the relationship between individual senses of words
48
antonymy
two words with opposite meaning | eg) dead, alive
49
homophones
same pronunciation, different spelling
50
Homonyms
same pronunciation and same spelling but different meaning
51
hyponomy
subcategories
52
prototypes
the best representative of a category | e.g culturally specific
53
polysemy
words that have different meaning | e.g Head, head of a company
54
Metonymy
``` relationships between words. - based on categories: place people e.g Washington decides ```
55
Corpus
collection of language data
56
Corpus
collection of language data
56
Corpus
collection of language data
57
Pragmatics
background meaning, speaker meaning | e.g saying one thing but meaning another
58
deixis
the function of using deictic words or forms
59
reference
something you pick out in the real word
60
face-threading act
apologising, discussion, talking against
61
Anaphora
refer back to something
62
antecedents
the thing we are referring back to
63
antecedents
the thing we are referring back to
64
discourse analysis
analysis of the language beyond the sentence
65
neurolinguistics
the study between language and the brain
66
malapropism
when you make mistakes with mixing up words that are similar to each other - having the words on the tip of your tongue
67
spoonerisms
slip of the tongue. | when you say the words in the wrong order
68
aphasia
an impairment of language function from brain damage | - most common is stroke
69
critical period
sensitive period when the child is most prompt to learn the language
70
language acquisition
the gradual development over time of ability in a language by using it in natural setting e.g conversations
71
language learning
getting knowledge through practising grammar and vocabulary | e.g school
72
audio-lingual method
listen to words in a lab
73
communicative approaches
you learn to communicate, why and how
74
grammar-translation method
vocabulary list and grammar rules | -learning, memorisation is encouraged and written language more than spoken
75
audio-lingual approaches
emphasising spoken language. Moving from simple to more complex
76
communicative approaches
the functions of language will result in an ability to use the language
77
negative transer
putting the adjective after the noun, might be difficult for the person to learn the L2 expression
78
positive transer
Swedish and English word order match each other
79
interlanguage
somewhere in-between the language you're aiming for and your native language e.g pronunciation very good and word order not so good
80
fossilization
L2 forms do not progress further. Hence ones accent
81
pictograms
picture-writing
82
ideograms
idea-writing. more abstract forms. Easy to understand
83
logograms
word-writing
84
rebus writing
the sounds of words in language
85
syllabic writing
a writing system employs a set of symbols where each symbol represents a pronunciation e.g Arabic
86
Alphabetic writing
a writing system with the single symbol to single sounds
87
orthography
spelling
88
irregular correspondence
between sound and symbolic representation
89
accent
description of pronunciation that identifies where the speaker is from
90
dialect
describes features of grammar and vocabulary as well as aspects of pronouncation
91
language
dialect with an army an a navy
92
isoglosses
represents a boundary between areas with regard to that one particular linguistic item
93
dialect continuum
number of isoglosses that comes together
94
diglossia
special situation involving two distinct varieties of a language
95
NORMS
non-mobiles, older, rural, male speakers
96
idiolect
personal dialect, our individual way of speaking
97
speech accommodation
our ability to modify our speech towards the one who is listening
98
AAVE
African American English, Black English, Ebonics | - used by African Americans in many regions
99
overt prestige
when individuals change their speech to a form that is more used by those who have a higher social status
100
covert prestige
hidden status of a speech style | e.g workers not changing their accts
101
taboo
words and phrases often involving body parts, sexual acts etc. - something that people avoid talking about
102
Jargon
special technical vocabulary, specialised vocabulary used by those in a specific social group - creates a strong connection in the group
103
slang
used by those who are outside higher-status groups | - used as everyday terms by young people
104
Idiolect

Linguistics (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions