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terms of the body regions > for a test 12, 13, and 5, 6 pathology > Flashcards

for a test 12, 13, and 5, 6 pathology Flashcards

1
Q

the heart is located

A

mostly to the left of the midline of the sternum

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2
Q

the chambers of the heart include:

A

two lower larger chambers called the ventricles

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3
Q

the upper chambers are:

A

receiving chambers

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4
Q

the innermost layer of the heart is called the:

A

endocardium

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5
Q

the outermost layer of the heart is called the:

A

epicardium, and visceral pericardium ( both a and c above….

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6
Q

the Pedicardium:

A

has an outer layer called the parietal pericardium

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7
Q

in the pumping action of the heart

A

atrial systole precedes ventricular systole

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8
Q

the first heart sound is the closing of the:

A

tricuspid and mitral valves

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9
Q

the superior vena cave carries:

A

Oxygen-poor blood to the right atrium

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10
Q

the pulmonary vein returns oxygen-rich blood to the:

A

left atrium

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11
Q

the right side of the heart:

A

deals with oxygen-poor blood

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12
Q

the heart is supplied with blood by:

A

arteries that branches directly from the aorta

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13
Q

the electrical connectors between heart muscles cells are called:

A

intercalated disks

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14
Q

the “pacemaker” for the heart is usually the:

A

sinoatrial node

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15
Q

the blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart are:

A

arteries

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16
Q

the blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart are the:

A

veins

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17
Q

the outermost layer of an artery or vein is called the:

A

tunica adventitia

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18
Q

the innermost layer of an artery or vein is called the:

A

tunica intima and endothelium (both a and c above)

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19
Q

the layer of the arteries and veins that contains smooth muscles tissue is the:

A

tunica media

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20
Q

one-way valves are found in which blood vessels?

A

veins

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21
Q

the last blood vessels of pulmonary circulation is the:

A

pulmonary vein

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22
Q

blood pressure is highest in the aorta and lowest in the:

A

supeior and inferior vena cava

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23
Q

as the viscosity level of blood:

A

increase, the blood pressure increases

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24
Q

which of the following assists in moving venous blood back to the heart?

A

contration of the skeletal muscles
one-way valves in teh veins
the changing pressure in the chest caused by breathing (all the above)

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25
Q

the volume of blood ejected from the ventricles during each beat is called

A

stroke volume

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26
Q

another name for a heart attack is a(n)

A

myocardial infarction

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27
Q

which of the following structures is not part of the lymphatic system?

A

thyroid

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28
Q

lymph is formed by:

A

plasma leaving the capillary
pressure on the blood caused by the pumping action of the heart
both B and C above

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29
Q

the thoracic duct:

A

is the largest lymph vessels in the body

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30
Q

lymph nodes:

A

contain phagocytic cells

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31
Q

which tonsils are located on either side of the throat?

A

paletine tonsils

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32
Q

which tonsils are located near the posterior opening of the nasal cavity?

A

pharyngeal tonsils

adenoids

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33
Q

the spleen:

A

help filter out bacteria

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34
Q

heat, one sign of inflammation, is caused by:

A

increased blood flow to the inflamed area

35
Q

swelling, one sign of inflammation, is caused by:

A

increased vessel permeability

36
Q

receiving a flu shot to help proctect you from getting the flu would be an example of:

A

artificail active immunity

37
Q

the immunity that is passed from mother to fetus is an example of:

A

natural passive immunity

38
Q

if you have had the measles, you cannot get them again. this is an example of:

A

natural active immunity

39
Q

a person exposed to hepatitis is giving a shot of gamma globulin (an antibody against hepatitis) to keep him from coming down with disease. this is an example of:

A

artificial passive immunity

40
Q

which of the following cells is not a phagocyte?

A

lymphocytes

41
Q

B cells:

A

have specific antibodies in their cell membranes

42
Q

antigens cause immature B cells to:

A

become plasma cells

43
Q

long-term immunity occurs when:

A

B cells form memory cells

44
Q

T cells:

A

form plasma cells when activated

45
Q

the main funtion of lacteal is:

A

to transport fats to the bloodstream

46
Q

an important funtion of lymph nodes is:

A

defense and formation of white blood cells

both A and C above

47
Q

which of the following is not part of the body’s nonspecific immunity?

A

antibodies

48
Q

what type of fluids is called lymph when it enters a lymph vessel?

A

intertitial fluid

49
Q

which of the following are called adenoids when they become swollen?

A

pharyngeal tonsils

50
Q

which of the following is not a role of complement in the immune system?

A

increase the permeability of blood vessels
attracting immune cells to the site of infection
marking foreign cells for destruction
all th above are roles of complement in the immune system

51
Q

lymph nodes can be

A

the size of a pinhead
the size of a lima bean
both B and C above

52
Q

the function of the immune system is to proctect the body from:

A

disease-causing bacteria
transplant foreign tissue
body cells that have become malignant or cancerous
all of the above

53
Q

nonspecific immunity is often called

A

innate-immunity

54
Q

where are the red blood cells manufactured?

A

in red marrow

55
Q

what shape is a healthy red blood cell?

A

a disk

56
Q

what is another name for platelet?

A

thrombocyte

57
Q

what is a chemical that melts clots?

A

thrombolytic

58
Q

what chamber of the heart i responsible for pushing blood to the lung?

A

right ventricle

59
Q

what is another name for the endothelial lining of blood vessels?

A

tunica interna

60
Q

what is the best description of anemia?

A

low oxygen-carrying capacity

61
Q

which of the following deficiencies may cause nutritional anemia?

A

Iron

62
Q

where do most emboli from veins end up?

A

in the lung

63
Q

arterial thrombi are often complications of what condition?

A

atherosclerosis

64
Q

pulmonary embolism is usally a complication of what disorder?

A

venous thrombosis

65
Q

a clot or piece of debris that travels on the arterial side of the systemic circuit will always end up where?

A

anywhere but the lungs

66
Q

this generic disorder results in an insufficient supply of important clotting factors. what is it?

A

hemophilia

67
Q

what is difference in bleeding patterns between people with hemophilia and others?

A

people with hemophilia bleed for a longer time than others

68
Q

what is the most likely consequence of untreated hemophilia?

A

internal bleeding

69
Q

cleaned and filtered lymph eventually….

A

rejoins the circulatory system as plasma

70
Q

what are antibodies?

A

Y-shaped proteins that disable pathogens or other substances

71
Q

in this condition the body launches an immune system attack against an antigen that is not inherntly dangerous. What is it?

A

an allergic reaction

72
Q

most edema is due to what factors?

A

a combination of mechanical and chemical problems

73
Q

which type of edema is safest for massage?

A

due to musculoskeletal injury

74
Q

this condition is an infection of lymph capillaries. what is it?

A

lymphangitis

75
Q

this condition involves a cancer of white blood cells in lymph nodes. what is it?

A

lymphoma

76
Q

what is a common nickname for mononucleosis?

A

the kissing disease

77
Q

what medication is typically used to tread mild allergies?

A

antihistamines

78
Q

an allergy is a sign of….

A

a hyperractive immune system

79
Q

this condition involves a controlled increase in core temperature, usally in reponse to pathogenic invasion. What is it?

A

fever

80
Q

what structure regualtes body temperature?

A

the hypothalamus

81
Q

what do the shivering and chills that accompany the early stages of fever accomplish?

A

they increase core temperature

82
Q

what is the risk of bringing down a fever to quickly?

A

vasodilation and shock

83
Q

what are the fluids that can spread HIV?

A

blood, breast milk, semen, vaginal secretions

terms of the body regions (2 decks)

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