For 1 on 1 Practise Flashcards
What is involved in planning a passage?
Passage planning is conducted by following the APEM method. APEM stands for Appraisal, Planning, Execution, and Monitoring. Regulation and guidance information on APEM are found in:
- SOLAS Chapter 5 Regulation 34
- IMO Resolution A 893
How would you complete the plan stage for a passage from Sardinia to New York?
- Draw information from the appraisal stage onto paper
- The route may be a combination of great circle route and rhumb lines otherwise know as composite route. Switch to Rhumb line before we go too far North where there may be bad weather or ice warnings.
- Highlight hazards such as no-go areas, isolated dangers, high traffic areas, TSS
- Complete thorough chart work, Way Points, Wheel Over Points, Cross Track, PI’s
- Select lights that would be used for clearing bearings
- Obtain weather and tidal information
- Plan areas for switching NAVTEX for MSI broadcasts (found in ALRS Vol 3)
- Decide on safety contour and safety depth (CATZOGS) follow ships SMS and Captains Standing Orders for safety depth
- Obtain distances (calculate fuel needed)
- Obtain times (allows us to know manning levels at the correct times)
- Contingency plans (berths, anchorages), make them known on the plan
- Plan complies with international regulations and legislation
- ECIDS system route check
- Gain second opinion from Chief Officer
What are PI lines?
Parallel Indexing lines - Helps with continuous monitoring of the vessels position in following the planned track, also practised in clear weather during straight forward passages.
Watch keepers need to remain familiar with the he technique to be confident in the technique during challenging passages.
Your course is 065 and the current is pushing you north so you set a CTS to 070 to compensate so that you can stay on your track of 065. How do you set your PI?
Parallel to set course of 065
Explain what the Admiralty Tidal tables is and the Admiralty Tidal Stream Atlas.
- Admiralty Tidal Tables, a publication that details the times and heights of high and low waters for standard and secondary ports in the UK and Ireland, Europe, and Indian Ocean, South China Sea, and Pacific Ocean for each day of the year. You can use this publication to predict the height of tide at a specific time, and to predict the time of a certain tidal height.
- Admiralty Tidal Streams Atlas, a visual representation of tidal diamonds on charts and is a quick and visual way of knowing what the tides and tidal flow will be when out on your boat providing you with detailed information about the tidal stream direction and flow.
What is the role of the 2nd Officer?
This role can be described in 3 categories:
- In bridge at sea:
- Master’s representative for keeping a safe navigational watch
- Follow COLREGS
- Keep UKHO publications up to date
- Passage planning
- Maintain navigational equipment
- Complying with MARPOL regulations
- On deck in port:
- Ship Safety Officer’s representative to ensure procedures are followed, PPE is worn, and to stop any unsafe work
- Ensure safe access (COSWP CH 22, gangways 30 degree max, and accommodation ladder 55 degrees max except when used in conjunction with pilot ladder, then 45 degrees max) and safe movement
- Vessel is well moored
- Security
- In addition:
- Planned maintenance of all LSA and FFE
Weekly: Position & preparedness
Monthly: Inventory & condition
Quarterly: Fixed systems
What is an acceptable CPA?
Various circumstances may effect an acceptable CPA:
- In open sea, Master’s standing & Night orders
- Coastal, TSS, narrow channels, depth, speed, visibility
- Pilotage, number of vessels in vicinity, vessels entering or exiting port
Describe planned maintenance.
I would follow guidance described in MGN 71 and our SMS:
Weekly: Position and Preparedness
- Position of all LSA and FFE
- Fire alarms
- Fire doors
- Tannoys
- Cylinder pressures (BA kits & EEBDs)
- Emergency generators
- Fire pump
- Rescue boats
Monthly: Inventory and Condition
- Fire locker contents
- All Fireman outfits
- All fire extinguishers, fire hydrants, hoses and nozzles
- Escape routes
- Fire pumps operational
- Rescue boat contents
- EPIRB and SARTS
Quarterly: Fixed Equipment
- FFE: Ships Fire Plan
- Fire extinguisher pressures are correct and not due for service
- Auto alarms for sprinklers systems activate using test valves
- All fire doors, fire dampers, and closing devices can be operated locally
- LSA: Form “E” Cargo Ship Safety Equipment
Describe the different types of Risk Assessments?
- General Risk Assessments (in advance)
- Task Based Risk Assessments (in advance)
- Dynamic (on the day before task is carried out)
What is the role of the Safety Officer?
- Assessing safety of the workplace regularly
- Reports near misses to the safety committee
- Stops any dangerous work! As his representative I also am responsible to stop any dangerous work
- Safe access to vessel (55 degree for accommodation ladder if pilot ladder lower than 9m, 35 degrees for passerelle)
- Safe movement (no blockage of exits, no trip hazards, safety lines on deck of needed, etc.)
How do you keep a safe watch?
- As Master’s representative I will follow the principles described with MGN 315 Keeping a Safe Navigational Watch on Merchant Vessels
- Ensure I am fit for duty (no alcohol, well rested, valid ENG 1, etc.)
- I must carry a valid CoC
- I will be duly informed of the passage ahead and follow the passage plan
- Follow the COLREGS
- Always proceed at safe speed
- Always have a lookout during period of darkness or restricted visibility
- Perform Radar Performance Checks before departure and each watch (settings, performance monitor, scale goes to 24M, Arc must be visible at 13.5 to 18.5M) Bridge Procedures Guide
- Read and follow the Master’s standing Orders and Master’s Night Orders
- Make use of correct signals
- Keep correct logging (Shops log weather, heading, etc.
Also follow Procedures:
- Log keeping
- Ensure publications and charts are up to date
- What is a Notice To Mariners?
2. Name the sections to a Notice to Mariners.
- Notices publicised by the MCA to the shipping industry regarding important safety, pollution prevention, and other relevant information.
i. Explanatory Notes: Publications List
ii. Admiralty Notices to Mariners: Updates to standard Nautical Charts
iii. Reprints of NAVAREA, Navigational Warnings
iv. Updates to Admiralty Sailing Directions
v. Updates to Admiralty List of Lights, and fog signals
vi. Updates to Admiralty list of Radio Signals
vii. Updates to miscellaneous Admiralty Nautical Publications
viii. Updates to Admiralty Digital Services
Are you a paperless bridge? What makes you paperless?
- 2 Independant ECDIS systems with 2 separate power supplies
- 2 Independant GPS’s
- All required hardware such as mouse and keyboard, and software
- Updated ENC charts and paper charts for any section of unavailable ENCs (not Raster Charts as transition must be seamless)
- Speed input
- Depth input
- Gyro input
Advantages and disadvantages of Raster vs ENC?
ENC:
- Seamless transition from one ENC to the next
- Can interrogate charts and objects for more info
- Can use layering for passage planning
- Can change scale (huge disadvantage is SCAMIN!!! Zoomed out too far can cause aspects of a chart not to show, like atolls, will come up as a yellow warning on ECDIS)
Raster:
- Can’t interrogate charts
- Not seamless transition
- Can’t change scale
- Can’t use layering
Name 5 Required ECDIS alarms:
- New geodetic datum available
- Crossing safety contour
- Deviation from route
- Approaching critical point
- Input failure (Position, Gyro, Speed, etc)
Other alarms/indications:
- Malfunction of ECDIS
- Default safety contour
- Information over scale
- Different reference system
- Customised display
- System test failure
- Sensor input failure
How would you set the safety depth and safety contour on your ECDIS?
Safety Depth: Draft + Squat + UKC - HOT
Shown in bold on chart and other depths greyed out, bold depths to be avoided.
Safety contour: Water will be darker colour of blue?
How do you update ECDIS charts?
Visit UKHO website and download ENCs onto a virus free USB via SARSAT, click read me and start process. Settings, scan drive, download permits, charts, then AIO (Admiralty Information Overlay).
AIO will display in pink and orange (?)
Gyro Fails, what now?
Call Master
Autopilot will not be functional, engage hand steering and use magnetic compass (correcting for variation and deviation to find True course).
Radar goes into heads up display, becomes no longer ground stabilised. You can still do collision avoidance through manual plotting and relative bearings.
ECDIS is affected and will alarm and can only display N-up (input failure). Still have COG with GPS.
Your GPS fails, now what?
Call Master
ECDIS will go into DR mode
Radars no longer ground stabilised.
AIS will lose position.
What is variation and what causes it?
Angular difference between True North and Magnetic North.
Caused by True and Magnetic North not being in the same Geographical location.
Information found on compass rose and corrected for year.
What is Deviation and what causes it?
When are compass swings done?
Angular difference between Ships Compass North and Magnetic North.
Affected by Ship’s Head.
Hard iron components: Permanent magnetism from when ship was constructed. Permanent magnets used to correct.
Soft iron components: Induced magnetism from electronic equipment onboard, cargo on/off, tenders on/off. Corrected by Calvin spheres and flinders bars.
Compass swings are done by a certified compass adjuster.
i) On installation of compass
ii) If deviation card is inaccurate
iii) After long lay up
iv) Major ship yard period, major collision, grounding, or fire.
Name sections of NTM.
What is a T?
A temporary notice that will not result in permanent changes to the chart. Written in pencil on outside of chart, possible on chart in pencil if directly affects our passage plan.
Examples: Temp buoys
File printed T.
What is a P?
A preliminary notice (in advance) of works that will result in permanent changes to the chart or new edition.
Written on outside of chart in pencil and can be plotted in pencil on a chart if it directly effects the passage plan.
File printed P.
Name some navigational hazards.
Reduced UKC Shallow Areas Squat Interaction TSS VTS/Reporting Tidal Flow and Rate Ice Narrow Channels TRS Fog Traffic Density Poor Navigation
Which 2 IMO resolutions do you need to know?
IMO Res. A.893 Passage Planning
IMO Res A.1050 Enclosed Space Entry
