Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

FOPC > FOPC yr 2 > Flashcards

FOPC yr 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Patient centred care - 5 aspects?

A 
respect 
choice and empowerment 
patient involvement in healthcare policy 
access and support 
information
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

ICF?

A

International classification of function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

ICF - 3 categroies?

A

Body and structure
Activity limitation
participation restriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Body and structure?

A

abnormality of structure or organ/ system function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Activity limitation

A

functional performance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Participation restriction

A

struggle to interact at social and environmental level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

vulnerability

A

ability to resist disease, repair damage and restore homeostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

incidence VS prevalence

A 
incidence = new cases 
prevalence = existing cases at a given time
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Common cold - incidence and prevalence?

A

High incidence

low prevalence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

three types of natural history

A

acute onset - Stroke
gradual - angina
relapse and remission - cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

biographical disruption

A

loss of confidence in self/ social interaction due to long term condition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Burden of treatment - caused by?

A

High demands of health care system on carers and patients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Burden of treatment - 4 aspects

A

Need to change behaviour, monitor others
Record and monitor things at home
Polypharmacy - lots of complex meds
Have to navigate a complex and unco-ordinated social and healthcare system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

two models of disability?

A

social and medical model

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Medical model of disability

A

individual cause - car crash
underlying pathology
treated by individual intervention and personal behaviour change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Social model of disability

A

caused by a societal factor - low wages, poor housing
needs political or social change - action to heat/ insulate houses better
needs society to change it’s attitude - use of more correct, less offensive language.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

impacts on a patients reaction to disability

A 
nature of the disease
time to adapt - long course or short?
support network 
coping strategies 
impact on their role in society - stop, change
information base - education 
response of others 
emotional 
personality
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The sick role

A

refrain from daily tasks
rest, excused from social responsibilities
need to try to get better
work with doctor and HC professionals to get better
take medication and comply with treatment plan
It’s not their fault

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Three different impacts of disability

A

personal
social
economic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

how many disabled people in the UK are in work?

A

1/3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

criteria for a screening programme?

A

knowledge of the disease - a precursor stage that is recognisable
knowledge of the test - suitable to general population
treatment for the disease - that will stop the progression
cost consideration - cheaper to screen and treat early rather than just treating on diagnosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

factors affecting the uptake of care

A

lay referral - asking someone else whether they should go
Information - peers, internet, TV, NHS choices
Medical - worsening symptoms, duration, visible symptoms
non medical - wife sent me, crisis, ideas/concerns, class, gender, age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

how to work out the relative risk

A

number of event in at risk group/ event in non at risk group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

relative risk of lung cancer in smoking - calculation?

A

LC in smoker / LC in non smoker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
problems with epidemiology?
describes the population not the individual
26
sources of epidemiology data
``` mortality data GP data - morbidity and long term conditions Cancer statistics A and E drugs misuse data expenditure data census and home surveys ```
27
define health literacy
knowledge, skills, understanding and confidence to use health data
28
highest grade of SIGN evidence?
A
29
role of a descriptive study
tells you the amount and distribution of a disease
30
name three analytical studies
cross section case control cohort
31
cross section
amount of people with disease at a given point
32
case control study
compare people with disease to those without, compare role of exposure to various risk factors
33
cohort study
take a group of people without | follow through to see who gets it
34
gold standard for clinical trials?
Randomised control trial
35
RCT?
take a group of people give half new treatment give other half placebo/ old treatment
36
Bias - four types
selection information follow up systematic
37
selection bias
selecting people who are more likely to have the disease
38
follow up bias
following up closer on certain groups
39
systematic bias
measuring techniques are wrong
40
things to consider in interpreting data
standardisation - remove difference in age quality of data case definition - if people were selected for having a certain condition - was the condition defined the same way for all participants coding - when data is collected and recorded, are they all being recorded the same way? ascertainment - how was data collected, were people missed?
41
standardised mortality ratio of 83
death rate decreased by 17%
42
confounding factor?
associated with the disease and the cause but not what is being measured. distorts the relationship
43
examples of confounding factors
age, gender, social class
44
how to minimise confounding factors?
eligibility criteria | analysis and adjustment of data
45
causuality
proving that exposure A leads to Disease B
46
criteria for causuality (6)
``` strength of association specificity consistency temporality biological gradient biological plausibility ```
47
temporality?
Cause A comes before disease B
48
homeostatic reserve
ability of organism to stabilise internal environment
49
by 2050 how much of the population will be over 60?
22%
50
between 2000-2050 the population over 80 is expected to increase by?
4 fold | 4 times
51
where will the majority of older people live in 2050?
low or middle income countries | 80%
52
biggest killer in low income countries?
stroke, heart disease and COPD
53
biggest cause of female deaths?
dementia and Alzheimer's
54
biggest male cause of death?
heart disease
55
life expectancy in 2004
men = 74 female = 79
56
life expectancy in 2031
men= 79 female = 83
57
four impacts of the ageing population
medical social political economic
58
social impact of ageing population
``` need to cater for social activities burden on carers demand for nursing homes and social care have to provide accessible facilities changing roles of grandparents - now working longer ```
59
political impact of ageing population
more voters in that age group | more of what they want even though they wont be here to see it
60
economic impact of ageing population
retirement and pension age increases more pressure on tax payers to fund state pensions state pensions may become inadequate people working for longer - younger people can't find jobs certain policies may become unsustainable
61
healthy life expectancy?
63 for males 64 for females
62
healthy life vs life?
the period people spend in poor health is increasing due to the life expectancy increasing faster than the healthy life expectancy
63
How many people are carers?
3 in 5 at some point in their life | 9 million by 2037
64
value of carers?
119bn per year
65
impact on the carer?
``` may have to cut back on spending damage to health (>1/4 on DLA) cut off from social life and own hobbies invasion of privacy financial burden may have to quit job or work less hours damage to relationships ```
66
roles of the carer
``` provide help around the house companionship help with accounts, bills take them out keep an eye on them personal care ```
67
carer and society?
many feel that society doesn't care about them
68
multi-morbidity?
people who have 2 or more long term conditions
69
issues with multi-morbidity
lots of drugs for different things one drug may make another thing worse have to find the balance
70
options for care in the community
home care sheltered housing - independent but people nearby residential home - 24hr help but no medical staff nursing home - nursing staff 24hr but very expensive
71
what can we put in place for those with long term conditions?
Anticipatory care plan
72
what is in an anticipatory care plan? 3 sections
legal personal medical
73
Legal aspects? (2)
power of attorney (welfare and finances) guardianship
74
personal aspects? (3)
``` Religious beliefs surrounding death preferred place of death consent to pass on information/ who to contact/ next of kin wishes for treatment current support ```
75
medical aspects of ACP? (6)
``` DNA CPR just in case treatment capacity assessment current aids - assess function palliative care home care package communication to other HCP ```
76
members of the PHCT
``` GP partner, registrars, other GP receptionist community nurse practice nurse nurse practitioner health visitor midwives ```
77
role of health visitor
support family and children from pregnancy to age 5 vulnerable families safeguarding and child protection
78
role of practice nurse
``` child jags men's health clinic's family planning leg ulcers Bloods ECG ```
79
role of the district nurse
visit people in their own homes support and educate have their own case-load duty of care
80
when are midwives involved?
pregnancy, labour and early post natal
81
role of Macmillan nurses?
information on cancer, treatment and side effects information about other support services emotional support for patients and families pain and symptom control cancer and palliative care experts
82
Name 6 allied health professions
``` physio OT dietetics podiatry counselling pharmacist ```
83
role of OT
assessment and treatment of physical and psychiatric illness through specific activities aim to decrease disability an increase independence
84
role of Physio
use movement to aid recovery | helpful in illness, accident or ageing
85
role of dietetics
interpret and communicate information to patients and health care professionals develop specialised diets for complex patients give generalised advice on healthier eating/ lifestyles provide unbiased advice
86
input of secondary care in PHCT
radiology - investigations hospital consultants - referrals operations - surgery
87
Who is the care manager and what is their role
highly trained social care workers provide support and facilitate discussions to identify goals and identify support services social and financial issues
88
four ways in which PHCT is changing
economic political roles - new and evolving ageing population
89
economic factors affecting PHCT?
practices are too small moving into large centres with a multitude of services e.g. health village requires effective teamworking
90
political factors affecting PHCT?
Pressure to cut cost of treatments | people want to be treated closer to home
91
new/ evolving roles in the PHCT
Pharmacist taking over role of minor illness in the community nurses can now prescribe and triage healthcare assistant - new roles
92
impact of the ageing population on PHCT
long term conditions on the rise make up 50% of GP consultations more complex needs increased demand for HC
93
10 roles of an effective team according to the teamwork forum?
include the patient promote teamwork know and acknowledge the skills of all set conditions and ways to resolve conflict ensure everyone understands each others role actively work towards awareness of the role of the team in the community promote inter-professional collaboration assign a leader based on leadership not status have a common agreed purpose
94
why integrate heath and social care?
to reduce unnecessary admissions and delayed discharge | efficient and effective use of resources
95
which act joins health and social care?
Public bodies (joint working) (Scotland) 2014
96
Which groups have to work together to facilitate the joint health and social care partnership?
NHS bodies | local authorities
97
two models of facilitating the public bodies- joint working act?
IJB - integrated joint bodies | lead agency model
98
Mneumonic for reactions to disability?
CONTAINER P
99
CONTAINER P
``` coping strategy others reaction Nature of disease Time to adjust Additional support Information base Network support Emotional response Role Personality ```
100
benefits of health literacy
allows patients to be active partners | navigate the system easier
101
role of SIGN guidelines?
reduce variation help HC professionals understand medical evidence putting patient important outcomes first
102
the expert patient
has in-depth knowledge of condition - often exceeding the Dr - key part of decision making process - should be included in discussions about care - historically under-utilised

FOPC (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions